07. Learning Flashcards
ARRMR
Attention, Retention, reproduction, motivation and reinforcement (stages/elements of Observational learning)
Role of the learner- Classical Conditioning
Passive
Role of the learner- Operant Conditioning
Active
Nature of the response- CC
Involuntary/reflexive
Nature of the response-OCC
Voluntary
Three-Phase Model- CC
Before, During and After
Three-Phase Model- OC
Antecedent/Discriminative stimulus, Behaviour, Consequence
ELEMENTS of Classical Conditioning
Neutral stimulus, Unconditioned stimulus, Unconditioned response, Conditioned Stimulus, Conditioned Response
Antecedent (Discriminative Stimulus)
a stimulus that prompts/precedes a voluntary behaviour
Attention
the first stage of observational learning. Learners must actively focus on the model in order to learn
Behaviour
a voluntary action in response to an antecedent
Classical conditioning
a model of learning in which organisms learn through the involuntary association of two or more stimuli
Conditioned emotional responses
an emotional response to a stimulus that doesn?t naturally produce that response, learned through the process of classical conditioning
Conditioned response (CR)
a response caused by the conditioned stimulus
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
a stimulus that elicits a response due to its being paired with an unconditioned stimulus
Consequence
an event following an action that makes it either more or less likely to occur again
Model
the individual who is performing the behaviour that is being watched/ observed
Motivation
the fourth stage of observational learning. The learner must want to reproduce the behaviour in order for learning to occur
Negative reinforcement
when a stimulus is removed in order to encourage a behaviour to occur again
Neutral stimulus (NS)
a stimulus that does not initially elicit a response
Observational learning
(also known as social learning, vicarious conditioning, or modelling) a type of learning that occurs through watching the actions of a model and the consequences that their actions receive
Operant conditioning
learning through the association of a behaviour and the consequence it receives
Positive punishment
when a stimulus is added in order to discourage a behaviour from occurring again
Positive reinforcement
when a stimulus is added in order to encourage a behaviour to occur again
Punishment
(also known as positive punishment) a type of consequence that makes the behaviour less likely to occur again
Reinforcement
a type of consequence that makes the behaviour more likely to occur again
Retention
Retention is the second step in the process of observational learning involving memory storage of the observed behaviour so that the behaviour may be reproduced when needed.
Reproduction
the third stage of observational learning. The learner must have the physical and mental capabilities to reproduce the observed behaviour
Response cost/ negative punishment
when a stimulus is removed in order to discourage a behaviour occurring again
Unconditioned response (UCR)
a natural (unlearned) behaviour to a given stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response
Voluntary response
an action coordinated by the body that is performed with conscious control and intention
Aboriginal Systems of Knowledge
knowledge and skills are based on interconnected social, physical, and spiritual understandings, and in turn, inform survival and contribute to a strong sense of identity.
Country
place, law, spirituality, language, cultural practice, material sustenance, family and identity (much more than just the physical landscape)
“Patterned on Country”
knowledge is developed and embedded through kinship relationships and that knowledge is encoded into the landscape.
8 Ways of Aboriginal Learning
story sharing, learning maps, non-verbal, symbols/images, non-linear, land links, community links, deconstruct/reconstruct
Songlines
ATSI knowledge and histories that are attached/connected to numerous physical locations along navigational tracks
Country is ‘sentient’
means that Country is ‘alive, conscious and interconnected with all beings’. Not just land, but a living entity with memory, knowledge, and spirit.
Kinship (ATSI ways of knowing/learning)
refers to the complex system of social relationships that define connections between individuals, families, and communities. It extends beyond biological family ties to include cultural, spiritual, and community-based responsibilities, shaping identity, social roles, and obligations within the group.
