07 - Internet Flashcards
Internet Scale
Over 800 mil computers Over 2 bil users Every continent 40% of users are Asian 20% European 15% North American China alone 400m users, more than total US population but only 30% of China's pop.
ARPANET
US DOD 1969 an experiment in reliable networking and means to link the DOD and mil research contractors which included many universities.
An ancestor of the Internet.
Broke in two
MILNET - all mil sites
ARPANET - smaller - all non-mil sites
All connected using IP protocol
IP
Internet Protocol
A com standard that enables computers to route traffic between all networks connected to the Internet.
Data packets are sent that include the addresses of sense and receiver and other technical information.
Backbone
Any one of the many Internet high-speed, long distance comm links.
Most of the guided media and router/gateway equipment contributed by the major telco companies. These firms became known as NSP’s. Also includes switching stations, towers, satellites and global fiber networks.
Verizon, Sprint, British Telcom, and AT&T
Routing
Data transmitted from one host is sent to a computer that can forward the message. The data may pass over dozen routers before reaching the destination.
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
The widely used Transport Layer protocol that most Internet applications use with IP.
IP Address
A 64-bit number that identifies a computer on the Internet.
IPv6 will expand domain to 128-bit
ICANN
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers is responsible for managing IP addresses and Internet domain names. They use accredited domain name registrars to check and clear new requests. About $9/yr each.
DNS
Domain Name System
Mapping Words to IP addresses
.com over 90 mil
.net over 10 mil
.org about 9 mil
Domain names must have at least 2 parts separated by periods
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
A web address that specifies the exact location of a Web page using letters and words that map to an IP address and a location on a host.
Ways to connect!
ISP - any org that provides Internet access to people. Connection requires
Paid service account
Software such as a browser
Device such as PC or smartphone
LAN Server Dial-up Cable modem Digital subscriber line DSL WiFi
Cloud Computing
Where software and storage are provided as an Internet service and are accessed with a web browser.
Office 365 online software suite
NYSE - offering services on Euronext
Saves system design, installation and maintenance.
Cloud Deployment
Public and Private
Also
Hybrid - when external users are granted limited access to a private cloud.
Community - when several businesses share a single cloud service.
Public Cloud refers to service providers that offer access to the general public. Apple iCloud, an individual using Google Calendar or a firm using Salesforce.com
Private Cloud is when a single entity uses cloud technology within the confines of a private network. Solution by Univa UD was used by Corus. Private clouds offer more control and security.
The Web
Developed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN as an internal document-management system.
Internet vs Web
The Internet and Web are NOT the same.
The Internet is the infrastructure on which the the Web exists.
The Internet is the physical media and protocols that regulate data transfer and connections.
The Web consists of server and client software, the HTTP and standards, markup languages HTML that structure and deliver information and services over the Internet.
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language
The standard page description language for Web pages.
Tags - codes that tell the Web browser how to format text - as a heading or list - and whether images, sounds or other elements should be inserted.
CSS
Cascading Style Sheets
A markup language for defining the visual design of a Web page or group of pages. Often defined in a separate file and applied to many languages.
XML
Extensible Markup Language
The markup language designed to transport and store data on the Web.
A modular approach to Web design allows you change the visual desire via the CSS and the content via the XML independently and pull everything together via HTML.
Web Programming Languages
Client and server side solutions
Program or script embedded in a web page that may run locally (client) or on the server.
JavaScript is a popular client side language - object-oriented programming language from Sun Microsystems based on the C++ programming language, which allows small programs called applets to be embedded within an HTML document.
Adobe Flash and NS Silverlight
Client side apps that required user to install a browser plugin.
Used to view interactive media. Became very popular but now ability supported natively in HTML5.
PHP
Hypertext Preprocessor
Programming language for server side application development that can be used to integrate with MySQL, DB2, Oracle and more.
PEARL is another popular server side programming language.
Web Services
Standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among Web sites that promises to revolutionize the way we develop and use the web for business an personal purposes.
Amazon Web Services AWS - makes its web content avail to other sites or apps.
The key is the use of XML
Web Services Tools
SOAP
WSDL
UDDI
SOAP
SOAP - simple object access protocol. A specification that defines the XML format for messages.
WSDL
WDSL - Web services description language. Allows one software component to connect to and work with another software component.
UDDI
UDDI - universal discovery description and integration. Used to register web services with an interned directory so they can be easily found.
Popular Web page creation tools
Adobe Dreamweaver
Microsoft Expression Web
Nvu
Web Application Frameworks
Most enterprise level solutions are referred to as frameworks and rely on databases to store and deliver content.
Microsoft .Net
JavaServer Pages
Microsoft ASP
Adobe ColdFusion
Web dev software that provides the foundational code - or framework - for a professional interactive web site, allowing developers to customize the code to specific needs.
Drupal
Joomla!
WordPress - for non-programmers
Ruby on Rails - for experienced programmers
Web 2.0
The Web as a computing platform that supports software applications and the sharing of information among users.
Web 1.0 - offered a platform for developers to to publish information for the general public to view.
RIA
Rich Internet Applications
Software that has the functionality and complexity of traditional application SW but does not require local installation and runs in a web browser.
Pg 320
Web Application Categories
Social Media Rich Internet Applications RIA News Education and Training Business and Job Information
Search Engines
Uses keywords and operators to isolate content.
***** Engines use automated programs called Spiders to search their database of content rather than actual Web. Spiders attempt to catalog every web page by content.
Liveperson.com uses a large staff of specialists to answer questions.
Microsoft Bing
China’s Baidu
Bing search engine
Decision engine
Includes more than just links like media - music, video and games in results.
Meta Search Engine
Aggregates results from multiple engines simultaneously.
Dogpile.com
SEO
Search Engine Optimization
Techniques that improve STE rankings in search engines.
Use Web Analytics Software to study detailed statistics about site visitors.
Wikipedia
An example of crowd sourcing - the combined efforts of many to accomplish some task.
Open source so users can edit data at any time. Accuracy not guaranteed.
Wiki is Hawaiian for quick
Over 3mil English entries and edited by millions of users.
About 1,700 administrators that attempt to validate the content.
OpenStreetMap.org another example
LexisNexis Academic Universe - research DB
Web Portals
Web page combining useful information and links and acts as an entry point to the web. Typically include a search engine and information feeds if interest. Many users set portals as home pages.
iGoogle, Yahoo! And MSN are horizontal portals offering a broad selection of content.
Vertical portals like iVillage and AskMen cater to specific interests.
Free - Hitmail, MSN, Gmail
Store messages on host servers
Outlook, Apple Mail or Mozilla Thunderbird are installed on the client and retrieve email from the host.
Push service is when host servers send messages to clients - usually smart phones.
More than 1/2 of mail is SPAM.
Instant Messaging
A method that allows two or more people to communicate and nine in real time using the Internet.
You can create a buddy list to see who among your friends is also online at any given time.
P330
Microblogging, Status Updates and News Feeds
Twitter so successful that other social media sites like FB added similar features.
A rich source of consumer sentiment that can improve marketing, customer relations and product dev.
Conferencing
WebEx and GoToMeeting
Telepresence
Systems by Cisco, Halo and Polycom that make it appear that attendees are sitting at the table.
Small scale solutions exist from Google Chat and MS Messenger.
Chatroulette.com and Internet Conga Line for random conversations with strangers.
Apple iChat and Skype - computer-to-computer chat
Web Blog (blog)
A Web site that people can create and use to write about their observations, experiences and opinions on a wide range of topics.
The community of blogs and bloggers is called the blogosphere.
Blogger creates the blog
Blogging is act of entering content in blog.
RSS
Really Simple Syndication - allow users to subscribe to frequently updated content and receive the latest headlines without actually visiting the blog.
Aggregator software like Google Reader allows you efficiently subscribe and review blogs.
Start a Blog!
Blogger.com or Wordpress.com host sites. Setup an account, select theme and URL and make an entry.
Content Streaming
A method for transferring large media files over the Internet so that data stream of voice and pictures plays more or less continuously as the file is being downloaded.
Spotify 1.5 mil Rhapsody 800k Slacker 300k YouTube 100k uploaded 100m viewed daily. Some companies have created a position of Video Content Mgr. YouTube EDU too!
E-Books
Around since computers but not really popular till 2007 when Amazon released Kindle.
Kindle introduced ePaper and a light form factor similar to a paperback.
iPad offers color and lots of apps.
Online Shopping
Groupon’s revenues are 100m
More retailers now offer more items online than in store.
Mashup
When multiple web service providers combine their services to create a more robust offering.
Google Maps and Twitter combine to show location where tweets came from.
Geo-tagging technology allows tagging data with an associated location.
Internet Utilities
Telnet
Secure Shell SSH
File Transfer Protocol FTP
Telnet - remote login and host control but unsecured
SSH - secured Telnet type connection
FTP - an insecure protocol that provides a file transfer process between a host and a remote computer and allows users to copy files from one computer to another.
SFTP - secured version.
Extranet
A network based on Web technologies that links selected resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers or other business partners.
VPN
Secure connection between two points on the Internet.
Tunneling - the process by which VPNs transfer information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets over the Internet.
Sales Tax
Could exceed 100 billion for all Internet related business.
