07 - diseases of the cornea Flashcards

1
Q

layers of the cornea

what are the 6 layers of the cornea (first one is tear film…)

A
  1. tear film
  2. epithelium
  3. basement membrane
  4. stroma
  5. Descemet membrane (doesn’t take up fluorescein stain)
  6. endothelium
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2
Q

1-3. what are three corneal responses to insult?

A
  1. edema
  2. vascularization (normal cornea doesn’t have blood vessels)
  3. pigmentation (chronic irritation)
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3
Q

what is keratitis?

A

inflammation of the cornea

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4
Q

(keratoconjuctivitis sicca)

  1. what is this?
A
  1. inflammation of the cornea and conjuctiva as a result of low aqueous component of tear film
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5
Q

(keratoconjuctivitis sicca)

1-7. causes?

A
  1. immune mediated destruction of tear glands
  2. congenital (gland aplasia)
  3. iatrogenic (excision of nictitans gland)
  4. drug induced
  5. trauma (proptosis)
  6. neurogenic
  7. infection (distemper in dogs, herpesvirus)
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6
Q

(keratoconjuctivitis sicca)

1-4. Cx?

A
  1. ocular irritation/pain
  2. conjunctivitis…
  3. keratitis…
  4. ocular discharge
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7
Q

(KCS)

  1. what test is helpful to dx?
A
  1. schirmer tear test
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8
Q

(KCS)

1-3. 3 treatment options?

A
  1. cyclosporine -> reduce immune destruction of tear producing glands
  2. pilocarpine -> stimulate tear production
  3. parotid duct transposition
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9
Q

(ulcerative keratitis)

  1. use what to demonstrate ulcer?
A
  1. fluorsecien stain (descemet’s membrane doesn’t stain!)
  2. swab for culture
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10
Q

(superficial corneal ulcers)

  1. treat initially with broad spec abx -> will typically heal in 3-5 days -> if it doesn’t what does this mean?
A
  1. cause for ulcer still present, ulcer is infected, indolent ulcer present
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11
Q
  1. what is an indolent ulcer?
  2. cause in dogs?
  3. in cats?
A
  1. slow-healing ulcer
  2. failure of epi to adhere to basement membrane (in dogs)
  3. FHV-1
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12
Q

(indolent ulcer)

  1. treatment for dogs?
  2. for cats?
A
  1. debride and grid keratotomy
  2. don’t do grid keratotomy -> can lead to corneal sequestrum
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13
Q

(midstromal corneal ulcer)

  1. potentially more serious
A
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14
Q

(deep corneal ulcer)

  1. why should it be treated as emergency?
  2. tx?
A
  1. perforation can occur
  2. surgical repair (conjuctival pedicle flap)
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15
Q

(herpesvirus keratitis)

  1. common in what species?
  2. conjuctivitis with or without corneal ulcer
  3. tx?
A
  1. cat
  2. topical antiviral medication
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16
Q

(nonulcerative keratitis)

(chronic superficial keratitis)

  1. predisposed breeds?
  2. cause?
  3. Cx?
  4. tx?
  5. aka?
A
  1. german shephard, greyhound, border collie
  2. immune mediated
  3. vascularization, inflammation, granulation
  4. topical cyclosporine/corticosteroids
  5. pannus
17
Q

(nonulcerative keratitis)

(eosinophilic keratitis)

  1. unique for what species?
  2. corneal lesions are pink and raised with white adherent material
  3. dx?
  4. tx?
A
  1. cats
  2. surface scrapings show ^ eosinophils
  3. topical steroids
18
Q

(non-ulcerative keratitis)

(corneal sequestrum)

  1. unique to what species?
  2. tx?
  3. cause?
A
  1. cats (persians)
  2. leave alone to slough (can perforate)
  3. chronic irritation