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Allied Health 2025 D > 07. Cardiovacular, lymphatic and immune system > Flashcards

07. Cardiovacular, lymphatic and immune system Flashcards

1
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart

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2
Q

What is a root term and combining form for heart

A

Cardi or Coron
Cardio or Corono

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3
Q

Coron/o

A

Heart

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4
Q

angi/o

A

Vessel

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5
Q

What is the root term and combining form for vessel

A

angi
angio

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6
Q

aort/o

A

Aorta

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7
Q

arteri/o

A

Artery

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8
Q

arteriol/o

A

arteriole

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9
Q

phleb/o

A

Vein

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10
Q

ven/o

A

Vein

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11
Q

venul/o

A

Venule

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12
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing

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13
Q

-sclerosis

A

hardening

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14
Q

Pericardium

A

Outermost layer

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15
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle layer

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16
Q

Endocardium

A

Innermost layer

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17
Q

Septum

A

muscular wall between L and R side

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18
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

2 = left side

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19
Q

Tricuspid

A

3 = right side

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20
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Aortic and pulmonary valves

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21
Q

chordae tendinae

A

thing strong fibrous chords connecting leaflets of bicuspid and tricuspid vale to papillary muscle

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22
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

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23
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

hardening of arteries caused by collection of fatty plaque

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24
Q

Cardiac output

A

The volume of blood ejected from each VENTRICLE every minute

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25
Q

Stroke volume

A

The volume of blood expelled by EACH contraction of the ventricles

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26
Q

Heart rate

A

Number of times the heart beats per minute

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27
Q

Atrial systole

A

Contraction of the atria

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28
Q

Ventricular systole

A

Contraction of the ventricles

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29
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation of both atria and ventricles. (Blood flows into the heart)

30
Q

tachycardia

A

abnormal condition of fast heart rate

31
Q

bradycardia

A

abnormal condition of slowheart rate

32
Q

hypertension

A

HTN (high blood pressure)

33
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure

34
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of arteries

35
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cell

36
Q

aneurysm

A

an abnormal swelling or bulge in the wall of a blood vessel, such as an artery

37
Q

Angina

A

chest pain caused by a lack of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle

38
Q

baroreceptor reflex

A

helps regulate Bp by vasolidation/vasoconstriction, increasing/decreasing HR and SV

39
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

40
Q

Haemolysis

A

burst of RBC

41
Q

anaemia

A

A condition of abnormally low number of red blood cells in the blood.

42
Q

thrombocytes

A

Blood clotting cells

43
Q

Haemostasis

A

prevent/stop bleeding

44
Q

Thrombosis

A

Condition of blood clots

45
Q

Primary lymphatic tissue

A

Bone marrow

thymus

46
Q

Lymph/o

A

Lymph fluid

47
Q

Lymphaden/o

A

Lymph node (gland)

48
Q

Lymphangi/o

A

Lymph vessel

49
Q

Splen/o

50
Q

Thym/o

A

Thymus gland

51
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow

52
Q

Aden/o

53
Q

Outline the baroreceptor reflex

A

Stimulus = high blood pressure
↓
Receptor = increased firing of baroreceptors (in the aorta and carotid arteries)
↓
Coordinator = vasomotor and cardioregulatory centre in the brainstem
↓
Effectors = reduce HR/CO and vasodilation of blood vessels
↓
Response = reduce blood pressure

54
Q

General term for a range of specialised white blood cells that respond to antigens

A

Lymphoctyes

55
Q

Lymphoctyes

A

General term for a range of specialised white blood cells that respond to antigens

56
Q

T cells that contain lethal chemicals that destroy foreign, infected and altered cells (ie cancerous/virus-infected cells)

A

Cytotoxic T cells

57
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

T cells that contain lethal chemicals that destroy foreign, infected and altered cells (ie cancerous/virus-infected cells)

58
Q

Phagocytic cell which engulfs and destroys pathogen (second line of defence)
 acts as an antigen presenting cell in the specific immune response

A

Macrophage

59
Q

Macrophage

A

Phagocytic cell which engulfs and destroys pathogen (second line of defence)
 acts as an antigen presenting cell in the specific immune response

60
Q

Antibodies are produced WITHIN the person

A

Active immunity

61
Q

Active immunity

A

Antibodies are produced WITHIN the person

62
Q

Passive immunity

A

Antibodies are produced outside of the body INTRODUCED into the body

63
Q

Antibodies are produced outside of the body INTRODUCED into the body

A

Passive immunity

64
Q

Cells that give long term memory of specific antigen and long lived

A

B – memory cells

65
Q

B – memory cells

A

Cells that give long term memory of specific antigen and long lived

66
Q

Describe the first line of defence

A

non specific/innate
Includes intact skin, mucous membrane and chemical (tears) and microbial barriers that prevent entry of pathogens into the body

67
Q

non specific/innate
Includes intact skin, mucous membrane and chemical (tears) and microbial barriers that prevent entry of pathogens into the body

A

First line of defence

68
Q

Describe the 2nd line of defence

A

non specific/innate
Inflammation –> histamine released causing vasodilation and increased leakiness of WBC and plasma to trap pathogen
Phagocytosis –> phagoctyes engulf and destroy pathogen

69
Q

non specific/innate
Inflammation –> histamine released causing vasodilation and increased leakiness of WBC and plasma to trap pathogen
Phagocytosis –> phagoctyes engulf and destroy pathogen

A

2nd line of defence

70
Q

Describe the 3rd line of defence

A

Adaptive/specific immune response
B and T cells are able to detect and recognise the specific antigens
B - Plasma cells produce antibodies which can detect and destroy the specific antigen.
Cytotoxic T cells release cytotoxins which kill the invading pathogen.
Memory B and T cells remain in the circulation allowing for a faster and stronger response on secondary exposure to the same antigen, hence providing immunity against the disease.

71
Q

Adaptive/specific immune response
B and T cells are able to detect and recognise the specific antigens
B - Plasma cells produce antibodies which can detect and destroy the specific antigen.
Cytotoxic T cells release cytotoxins which kill the invading pathogen.
Memory B and T cells remain in the circulation allowing for a faster and stronger response on secondary exposure to the same antigen, hence providing immunity against the disease.

A

3rd line of defence

Allied Health 2025 D (8 decks)

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