05. Directional terms Flashcards
1
Q
Prone
A
lying face down
2
Q
Supine
A
lying face up
3
Q
Superior
A
above
4
Q
inferior
A
below
5
Q
Medial
A
middle (closer to midline)
6
Q
lateral
A
side (further from midline)
7
Q
anterior
A
in front
8
Q
posterior
A
behind
9
Q
proximal
A
closer to origin of a part (often limb)
10
Q
Distal
A
further from origin of a part (often limb)
11
Q
Superficial
A
closer to the skin
12
Q
deep
A
further from the skin
13
Q
Ventral
A
closer to the belly surface
14
Q
dorsal
A
closer to the back surface
15
Q
internal
A
inside
16
Q
external
A
outside
17
Q
palmar
A
opposite surface to the dorsum of the hand
18
Q
plantar
A
opposite surface to the dorsum of the foot
19
Q
cranial
A
skull towards the head
20
Q
Caudal
A
towards the tail
21
Q
Rostral
A
closer to the front beak
22
Q
Occipital
A
closer to the back
23
Q
Bilateral
A
paired structures on both left and right sides of the body
24
Q
Unilateral
A
unpaired structure on just one side of the body (L/R)
25
Ipsilateral
structures on the SAME side of the body
26
ante-
before/forward
27
ec-
Out/outside
28
epi-
Above/upon
29
extra-
Outside of
30
in-
In/into
31
inter-
Between
32
intra-
Within
33
para-
Beside/near/along the side of
34
Dorsal
closer to the back
35
Ventral
closer to the belly side
36
RUQ
right upper quadrant
37
RLQ
right lower quadrant
38
LUQ
left upper quadrant
39
LLQ
Left lower quadrant
40
Frontal (coronal plane)
A vertical plane that divides the body into front and back portions
41
Transverse (axial) plane
A horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions (creating a cross section)
42
Sagittal (lateral plane)
A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides
43
Flexion
Bending of a limb or joint (reducing the joint angle)
44
Extension
Straightening of a limb or joint (increasing the joint angle)
45
Abduction
Body part moving away from the midline of the body
46
Adduction
Body part moving towards the midline of the body
47
Rotation
When a bone or limb pivots around a joint
48
Pronation
Rotation of the forearm/foot so that the palmar/plantar surface points downwards/backwards
49
Supination
Rotation of the forearm/foot so that the palmar/plantar surface points upwards/forwards
* Mostly occurs at the forearm
50
Eversion
Rotating the sole of the foot outward
51
inversion
Rotation of the sole of the foot inwards
52
Dorsiflexion
Pointing toes upwards (towards the dorsum of the foot)
53
Plantarflexion
Pointing toes downwards (towards the plantar surface of the foot)
54
Elevation
Movement in a superior direction
55
Depression
Movement in an inferior direction
56
Protraction
Body part is pushed or moved forwards (anterior direction)
Only occurs at the:
* Scapular (shoulder blade)
* Mandible (jaw)
57
Retraction
Body part is pushed or moved backwards (posterior direction)
Only occurs at the:
* Scapular (shoulder blade)
* Mandible (jaw)
