062 States of consciousness, sleep, coma

Question 1

What occurs in stage 2 sleep?

Answer 1

spindling and K complexes - theta rhythms

Question 2

How does ventrolateral pre-optic nucleus affect the arousal system?

Answer 2

Produces GABA/ Galanin that inhibits ascending arousal systems and promotes sleep

Question 3

What is normally found in narcolepsy patients?

Answer 3

Fewer than 10% of hypothalamic hypocretin neurons, which are produced in the lateral hypothalamic area. These project and excite the arousal system and cerebral cortex.

Question 4

Explan how suprachiastmatic nucleus affects circadian rhythm?

Answer 4

1. Receives input from retina detecting day/light cycle

2. Inhibitory output neurons to other hypothlamic and midbrain regions.