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Network+ > 06 - TCP/IP Basics > Flashcards

06 - TCP/IP Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Protocols of IP

A

IPv4
IPv6
ICMP

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2
Q

TCP Three-way Handshake

A

SYN -
SYN-ACK -
ACK -

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3
Q

Parts of a TCP Header

A

Source Port
Desitnation Port
Sequence Number & ACK - keeps track of data flow
Flags - give both sides detailed info about connecttion
Checksum - checks header for errors

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4
Q

DNS & DHCP use what protocol?

A

UDP

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5
Q

How does a computer find a MAC address on the network?

A

Sends an ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) request to the broadcast address (FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF)

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6
Q

See ARP cache in Windows?

A

arp -a

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7
Q

Delete an address in ARP cache?

A

arp -d [address]

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8
Q

What three things must an IP numbering system do?

A
  • create network IDs so each LAN has its own identification
  • Interconnect LANs using routers,
  • use subnet mask to determine if packet is for LAN or WAN
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9
Q

WAN

A

Wide Area Network

- group of 2 or more interconnected LANs

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10
Q

default gateway

A
  • the router interface for a single LAN

- gives access beyond the router

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11
Q

How do routers determine where network traffic goes?

A

Network IDs

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12
Q

Routing Table

A

instructions that tell the router what to do with incoming packets

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13
Q

Subnet Mask

A
  • series of ones followed by series of zeroes
  • always totals 32 bits
  • one’s are always the network ID, zeroes are the host ID
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14
Q

Whack

A

number of ones in an subnet mask

/24 = 24 ones

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15
Q

Who hands out IP addresses

A

IANA - Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

- oversee’s 5 Regional Internet Registries (RIR)

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16
Q

RIR for North America

A

ARIN - American Registry for Internet Numbers

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17
Q

Class A network block

A

1-126
1.0.0.0 - 126.255.255.255
16k hosts per network ID

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18
Q

Class B network block

A

128-191
128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255
65k hosts per network ID

19
Q

Class C network Block

A

192-223
192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255
254 hosts per network ID

20
Q

class D network block

A

224-239
224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255
Multicast

21
Q

Class E network Block

A

240 - 254
240.0.0.0 - 254.255.255.255
Experimental

22
Q

Difference between broadcast, unicast, multicast

A

broadcast - every computer on LAN gets message
unicast - message sent directly to one computer
multicast - message sent to a group of interested comptuers

23
Q

octets for class network blocks

A 
a - 0
b - 10
c - 110
d - 1110
e - 1111
24
Q

CIDR

A

Classless Inter-Domain Routing

- breaking a single address into multiple subnets

25
Q

VLSM

A

Variable Length Subnet Masking

-

26
Q

Rules for addressing

A

1 - give default gateway first ip address in the network id
2 - try to use IPs in seqenctial order
3 - separate servers from clients with ranges
4 - document

27
Q

Enter IP in Linux CLI

A

ip addr add 111.111.111.111 dev eth1

- temporary and will be lost on reboot

28
Q

Standard before DHCP

A

BOOTP (bootstrap protocol)

- works just like DHCP

29
Q

DORA

A

DHCP Four Way Handshake

Discover - client asks if theres any servers
Offer - includes IP, subnet mask, gateway
Request - server accepts offer
Acknowledgement - finished

30
Q

DHCP Ports

A

UDP 67 and 68

31
Q

DHCP servers require

A
  • legitimate pool of IP addresses to hand out (called DHCP Scope)
  • subnet masks for network
  • ip address for gateway
32
Q

DHCP relay

A
  • used when there are many LANs to route to a single DHCP server
  • needs real address of DHCP server to work (called IP Helper Address)
33
Q

Blacklist of IPs on DHCP

A

IP Exclusion

34
Q

MAC Reservation

A

DHCP assigns a specific IP address for a specific MAC address

35
Q

APIPA Address

A

Automatic Private IP Addressing

  • IP address assigned when DHCP doesn’t reply
  • generated by zero-configuration networking (zeroconf)
  • starts with 169.254
36
Q

Release and renew IP address in Windows CLI

A

ipconfig /release

ipconfig /renew

37
Q

Release and renew IP address in Linux CLI

A

sudo dhclient -r

sudo dhclient

38
Q

Release and renew IP address in Mac CLI

A

sudo ifconfig eth0 down

sudo ifconfig eth0 up

39
Q

DHCP Failover

A
  • Has primary and secondary servers

- when one fails,the other picks up

40
Q

Rogue DHCP server

A

a DHCP server that shoudln’t be on the network

41
Q

Private class A block

A

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

42
Q

Private class B block

A

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

43
Q

Private class C block

A

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

44
Q

How many bits in an IPv4 address?

A

32

Network+ (7 decks)

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