06 - Muscle

Question 1

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 1

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

Question 2

What contractile proteins allow the muscle to contract?

Answer 2

Actin and myosin

Question 3

What is the function of skeletal muscle?

Answer 3

to move the skeleton

Question 4

What is an intercalated disc in cardiac muscle?

Answer 4

The place where cells are in close contact with each other at a junction

Question 5

What do the intercalated discs do?

Answer 5

Allow nerve impulses to spread from cell to cell over the whole ‘sheet’ causing contraction

Question 6

is smooth muscle striated?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

What is smooth muscle controlled by?

Answer 7

the autonomic nervous system, hormones and local metabolites

Question 8

What does the sarcoplasm in skeletal muscle contain large amounts of?

Answer 8

Glycogen

Question 9

What are transverse tubules and what doe they do?

Answer 9

They are tiny invagination of the sarcolemma and action potentials travel along the T Tubules and spread out throughout the entire muscle fibre

Question 10

What are myofibrils composed of?

Answer 10

Smaller filaments or myofilaments

Question 11

What are the thin filaments composed of?

Answer 11

The protein actin

Question 12

What are the thick filaments composed of?

Answer 12

The protein myosin

Question 13

how many thin filaments for every thick?

Answer 13

2 for every 1

Question 14

What are the 3 layers of CT that bind muscle tissue?

Answer 14

Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

Question 15

What do tendons attach?

Answer 15

muscle to bone

Question 16

What are musculotendinous/ myotendinous junctions

Answer 16

Where the collagen fibres of tendons are attached to the muscle fibres

Question 17

How does muscle contraction happen?

Answer 17

The myosin heads attach to and walk along the actin filaments at both ends of a sarcolemma, pulling the filaments closer to the M line

Question 18

What os released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum following a nerve impulse received at the neuromuscular junction

Answer 18

Calcium

Question 19

What does calcium bind to and what does it do?

Answer 19

It binds to troponin and triggers it to move the attached tropomyosin thereby freeing the myosin binding sites on actin

Question 20

What does the myosin head do?

Answer 20

Hydrolysed ATP into ADP and a phosphate group, resulting in the energisation of the myosin head

Question 21

What does the myosin head attach to and form?

Answer 21

It attatches to the myosin binding site and forms a cross bridge

Question 22

What occurs after the cross-bridge has formed? And what does this cause

Answer 22

The power stroke. During the power stroke, the cross bridge rotates towards the centre of the sarcomere and generates a force, sliding the thin filament towards the thin filament past the thick filament towards the M line

Question 23

What are the neurons that stimulate the muscle to contract called?

Answer 23

Somatic motor neurons

Question 24

The neuromuscular junction is what between a the what and what?

Answer 24

The NMJ is a synapse between the motor neuron and the motor end plate of the muscle fibre

Question 25

What are the two major types of muscle contraction?

Answer 25

Isotonic

Isometric

Question 26

What are the two further types of isotonic contraction?

Answer 26

Concentric

Eccentric