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IGCSE Physics > 06 Energy Transfers And Resources > Flashcards

06 Energy Transfers And Resources Flashcards

1
Q

Stores of energy

A

KG CEMENT
- kinetic gravitational chemical electrostatic magnetic elastic nuclear thermal

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2
Q

Energy transfers

A

Mechanically, electrically, heating, radiation

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3
Q

Mechanical

A

When force acts on body

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4
Q

Electrical

A

Electricity transferring energy from a power source to a component within a circuit

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5
Q

Heating

A

Conduction, convention, radiation

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6
Q

Radiation

A

Light and sound carry energy from one point to another

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7
Q

Work done =

A

Energy transferred

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8
Q

Conservation of energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred (change form)

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9
Q

Energy in =

A

Energy out
(Useful out) + (waste out)

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10
Q

Thermal energy is transferred from

A

A hotter area to a colder area

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11
Q

Conduction occurs in

A

Solids mainly

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12
Q

Convections occurs in

A

Fluids (liquid + gas)

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13
Q

Infrared radiation and electromagnetic waves travel

A

Through solids/liquids/gasses + vacuums

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14
Q

Explain conduction

A

Occurs mainly in solids
- when object is heated the particles vibrate and collide into other particles which passes on energy

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15
Q

Metals are good conductions because

A

They contain delocalised electrons which easily collides with other atoms

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16
Q

Explain convection

A

Occurs in fluids
- fluid is heated, molecules are pushed apart (thermal expansion)
- hot fluid becomes less dense and rises
- cool fluid sinks to replace it
- hot fluid cools/contracts and sinks
- CONVECTION CURRENT

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17
Q

All bodies emit

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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18
Q

Intensity and wavelength of wave depends on

A

Temperature
- if infrared is not intense enough it wont burn

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19
Q

Convention current in everyday phenomena

A

Air around radiator / water in boiler

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20
Q

Why do flames turn blue as it gets hotter

A

Wavelength decreases

21
Q

When heated, iron begins to emit visible light because

A

Wavelength of infrared is reduced

22
Q

Infrared radiation is an electromagnetic wave so it behaves like

A

Light
- can be emitted/absorbed/reflected

23
Q

Light shiny surface

A

Good reflector
Bad absorber
Bad emitter

24
Q

Dark matt surface

A

Bad reflector
Good absorber
Good emitter

25
Radiation in = radiation out Explain what happens to energy and temperature
Energy doesn’t change Temperature doesn’t change
26
Radiation in > radiation out (sun) Explain what happens to energy and temperature
Internal energy increases Temperature increases
27
Radiation in < radiation out (snow) Explain what happens to energy and temperature
Internal energy decreases Temperature decrease
28
Practical: investigate thermal energy transfer by conduction
- attach paper clips onto rod at evenly spaced distances using Vaseline - light Bunsen burner so rod is in flame - record time w/ stopwatch that each paper clip fall off the conducting rod - repeat for other rods made of different materials Control - same amount of Vaseline.paperclips same distance away from flame
29
Practical: investigate thermal energy transfer by convection
- add potassium permanganate crystals on one side of beaker of water - use Bunsen burner and gently heat crystals - as temp of beaker increases, crystals dissolve - forms bright purple solution - solution carried through beaker by convention current
30
Practical: investigate thermal energy transfer by radiation
- place both silver and black tin on heatproof mat and fill with same vol of hot water (use measuring cylinder) - record w/ stopwatch initial temp of water - record temp of water every minute for 5 mins
31
Practical: investigate thermal energy transfer by radiation other method
Leslie cube - metal container with different coloured walls - hot water poured and heat loss via radiation can be studied using infrared radiation camera - see infrared radiation emitted
32
How to reduce unwanted energy transfer
Thermal insulation - traps pockets of air which reduces movement of fluid —> lower thermal conductivity means more heat is insulated
33
Thicker material means more
More heat is insulated
34
How are energy transfers in generating electricity questions formatted
___ store is depleted Mechanical work is done on turbine/generator due to/by ___ (x2) Increase in KE of turbine/generator (x2) Electrical work done on electrical grid Turbine then generator
35
Wind electricity production adv and disadvantage
Adv - renewable - produces no polluting gases Disadv - noise/visual pollution - weather dependent - dilute source of energy - energy generation cannot change to meet demands
36
Hydroelectric electricity production adv and disadvantage
Adv - renewable - always available - produces no polluting gases - energy generation can change to meet demands Not weather dependent Disadv - requires large dam area - geographical limitations (flowing water/hills)
37
Wave electricity production adv and disadvantage
Adv - renewable and produces no polluting gases Disadv - weather dependent (wave size) - may cause harm to wildlife - possible storm would damage generator
38
Tidal electricity production adv and disadvantage
Adv - renewable and produces no polluting gases - reliable -> always two tides everyday Disadv - dam can cause local flooding - energy generation cannot change to meet demands - dilute source of energy
39
Geothermal electricity production adv and disadvantage
Adv - renewable and produces no polluting gases - doesn’t damage environment Disadv - few places in world to get production - very difficult to drill deep into ground
40
Solar cells electricity production adv and disadvantage
Adv - renewable and produces no polluting gases Disadv - weather dependent - doesn’t work at night - requires large open space
41
How do solar cells transfer energy in large scale production
Nuclear store of sun depleted Energy transferred from sun as radiation Solar cells absorbs light radiation Energy is transferred electrical via solar cell wires
42
Fossil fuels examples
Coal/oil/gas
43
Fossil fuels electricity production adv and disadvantage
Adv - energy generation can change to meet demands - reliable as it doesn’t depend on weather Disadv - nonrenewable - produces CO2 (green house gas) - produces sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxide that causes acid rain
44
Nuclear (fission) electricity production adv and disadvantage
Adv - energy generation can meet demands - reliable as it doesn’t depend on weather Disadv - produces no polluting gases - dense source of energy (small amount of fuel creates large amount of power) Disadv - radioactive waste produced - non renewable - risk of nuclear accident
45
46
Left side of sankey diagram
Input energy Width - energy in joules
47
Right of sankey diagram
Useful output Width = energy
48
Bottom of sankey diagram
Waste output C goes down
49
Sankey diagram: energy in =
= energy out

IGCSE Physics (15 decks)

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