Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MFoM > 05a: DNA Replication > Flashcards

05a: DNA Replication Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: DNA replication is the most accurate biological process.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DNA replication uses (non-activated/activated) substrates, (X).

A

Activated;

X = dNTPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 steps for DNA replication. In what order do they occur?

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Priming
  3. Synthesis
  4. Termination

All occur simultaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bacterial DNA has (X) shape and how many start sites for replication?

A

X = circular

One start site (oriC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

OriC is recognized by:

A

DnaA (initiator protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prok:

Initiator protein, (X), combines with (Y) and interacts with DNA in what way?

A

X = DnaA

Y = Histone-like proteins (and ATP)

Tight association with DNA, so bends it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why does replication bubble form?

A

DnaA bends DNA and AT-rich repeats near OriC open to form bubble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Prok:

DnaB is called (X) and forms complex with (Y), which helps it bind the DNA.

A

X = helicase

Y = DnaC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Prok:

When does DnaA displace from DNA?

A

Once helicase binds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prok:

(X) bind(s) DNA, preventing its coiling, once primase, aka (Y), binds.

A

X = SSBs

Y = DnaG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F: in bacteria, binding of each DNA replication protein to DNA requires ATP.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which DNA polymerase initiates strand synthesis in bacteria?

A

None! No DNA pol can initiate new strand synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

RNA primer is created in which direction? About how long is it?

A

5’ to 3’ direction;

5-10 NT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

There are (X) number of prokaryotic DNA polymerases. Which ones are critically mainly for panicked cell?

A

X = 5

DNA polymerase 2, 4, 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

DNA polymerase I is known for:

A

Primer excision (and some repair) in prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DNA polymerase 3 is known for:

A

Replication chain elongation (and some repair) in prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List activities of DNA pol 1.

A

(Prokaryotes)

  1. Polymerase
  2. 3’ exonuclease (repair)
  3. 5’ exonuclease (primer excision)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does a polymerase’s processivity signify?

A

Number of NT it can add before dissociating from DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which prokaryotic DNA polymerase has the greatest processivity?

A

DNA pol 3

20
Q

Replication bubble has how many DNA polymerase 3?

A

2 (one at each end of fork)

21
Q

Which subunit on DNA pol 3 is responsible for proof reading? What’s its specific function?

A

Epsilon (3’ exonuclease)

22
Q

Which subunit on DNA pol 3 is responsible for primer excision? What’s its specific function?

A

DNA pol 3 doesn’t remove primer - DNA pol 1 does that (5’ exonuclease)

23
Q

How many different subunits does DNA pol 3 have?

A

10

24
Q

Which subunit on DNA pol 3 is responsible for replicating strands?

A

Polymerase (alpha subunits)

25
Q

T/F: in DNA pol 3, the clamp loader is separate from the core enzyme.

A

True

26
Q

Which subunit on DNA pol 3 is the sliding clamp?

A

Beta subunit

27
Q

Which subunit on DNA pol 3 is the clamp loader?

A

Gamma complex

28
Q

DNA pol 3 replicates (leading/lagging) strand first.

A

Neither - replicates both strands simultaneously

29
Q

The sliding clamp for DNA pol 3 has inner diameter of (X) and mainly (negative/positive/neutral) AA on inside.

A

X = 3.5 nm

Negative

30
Q

How can DNA pol 3 detect mismatched bases and correct itself?

A

Defects change in DNA structure

31
Q

In bacteria, where is the termination site, wrt OriC?

A

180 degrees from it

32
Q

Nick translation, carried out by (X), removes how many (Y) at a time?

A

X = DNA pol 1
Y = RNA primer
1 at a time

33
Q

T/F: Nick translation requires ATP.

A

False - DNA pol 1 uses water (hydrolysis) for 5’ exonuclease

34
Q

The nick after primer removal is sealed by:

A

DNA ligase

35
Q

What’s the final step in bacterial termination of DNA synthesis?

A

Type 2 topoisomerase separates the two interlinking strands of replicated circles and refolds DNA into supercoils

36
Q

DNA pol gamma is responsible for:

A

Eukaryotic DNA replication in mitochondrion

37
Q

Eukaryotic equivalent to beta subunit on prokaryotic DNA pol (X).

A

X = 3

Beta subunit is clamp; PCNA in euk

38
Q

DNA pol epsilon is responsible for:

A

Eukaryotic DNA synthesis of leading strand

39
Q

DNA pol delta is responsible for:

A

Eukaryotic DNA synthesis of lagging strand

40
Q

Primer removal in eukaryotes is carried out by:

A

Rnase H and Fen1

41
Q

Helicase in eukaryotes is called:

A

MCM

42
Q

Origin of replication in euk is called:

A

ARC (autonomous replicating sequences)

43
Q

T/F: Topoisomerase II requires ATP for its function.

A

True

44
Q

What makes DNA Pol (X) better suited for primer excision than DNA Pol (Y)?

A 
X = 1
Y = 3

Low processivity

45
Q

T/F: Type II Topoisomerase only adds negative supercoils.

A

False

MFoM (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions