053 Seps in general Flashcards
Provisos: T1 45°
RAC 5-2 210.1
· T1 between take-offs if the leading aircraft is of the same or faster performance and they are to fly on tracks diverging by at least 45° immediately after take-off. Where the leading aircraft is to turn more than 90° action must be taken to ensure the departure track of the following aircraft does not cross the departure track of the leading aircraft.
· T1 may be used where the leading aircraft is slower provided the leading aircraft reports established on a track that diverges by at least 45° from the track of the following, prior to the following aircraft being cleared for take-off.
· T1 shall not be used where both aircraft are to turn in the same direction and the angle of turn of the following aircraft is greater than the angle of turn of the leading aircraft;
Provisos: T2 40 kts
RAC 5-2 210.1
T2 between take-offs when the leading aircraft will maintain a speed of 40 knots or more faster than the following aircraft, and both aircraft propose to follow the same exact track or tracks that diverge by less than 45º.
Provisos: T5 Higher Level
RAC 5-2 210.1
T5 while vertical separation does not exist if a departing aircraft will be flown through the level of a preceding departing aircraft and both propose to follow the same exact track or tracks that diverge by less than 45°. Action must be taken to ensure that T5 is maintained or increased while vertical separation does not exist.
T5 in the following cases provided that a preceding aircraft is maintaining a speed of 20 knots or more faster than the succeeding aircraft:
RAC 5-26 210.2.1
· Between aircraft which have departed from the same aerodrome; or
· Between enroute aircraft which have reported over the same significant point; or
· Between departing and enroute aircraft, after the enroute aircraft has reported over a significant point that is so located in relation to the departure point as to ensure that five-minute separation can be established at the point where the departing aircraft will join the air route;
Provisos: Same Track Climbing/Descending
RAC 5-28 adn RAC 5-29 201 4.1
Level change is commenced within 10 minutes of the time the second aircraft has reported over a common point derived from ground-based navigation aids or waypoint determined by GNSS.
OR
T5 when aircraft are on opposite sides of an NDB/VOR at which both aircraft are required to report, provided:
· One aircraft is in level flight and the other is climbing or descending to achieve vertical separation
· The preceding aircraft has passed the NDB/VOR by at least 5 minutes
· Confirmation is obtained from the following aircraft that it has not yet reached the NDB/VOR.
What are the Same Track, Same Level T separations?
RAC 5-26 201.2.1
- T10
- T5 + 20 knots
- T3 + 40 knots
What are the Same Track, Same Level D separations?
RAC 5-31 211.2.1
- D20
- D10 + 20 knots
What are the Crossing Track T and D separations?
RAC 5-27 210.2.2 and RAC 5-32 211.2.2
- T10
- D20*
- D10 + 20 knots - Provided the relative angle between the tracks is less than 90º
What are the Same Track, Climbing/Descending D separations?
RAC 5-33 211.3.1
- D20
- D10 + 20 knots
- D10 + one maintains level flight while vertical separation does not exist
- D10 - where the succeeding aircraft is instructed to reach separation level D10 prior to the last DME or GNSS distance report of the preceding aircraft
What are the reciprocal track separations?
RAC 5-34 211.3.2
- ETP +/- 10 mins
- D10 Passed
- Both aircraft having reported crossing a common ground based navigation aid; or
- T1 after the second aircraft has reported crossing a common significant point; or
- Mutual sighting, provided that there is no possibility of incorrect identification; or
- Another separation standard e.g. radar observation
LEADING AIRCRAFT SLOWER THAN FOLLOWING AIRCRAFT: A following aircraft may be cleared for take-off provided that:
RAC 5-38 302.2
Initial departure tracks diverge by 30° or more
Visual or radar observation confirms that the leading aircraft has turned and is clear of and moving away from the proposed departure track of the following aircraft and adequate separation will exist (D); or
o Visual or radar observation confirms that the leading aircraft is climbing straight ahead and has reached a point where adequate separation will exist with the following aircraft, and assurance exists that the controller will be able to visually observe the following aircraft turning away from this track.
Confirmation shall be obtained that adequate separation will exist
The aircraft** tracks will continue to diverge by 30° or more** until some other form of separation exists, and
A departing aircraft may be cleared for take-off into the departure area provided that
RAC 5-41 303.1
· The departing aircraft sets heading at least 3 minutes before the arriving aircraft is estimated to be over the aerodrome boundary, and
· Instructions are issued, as necessary, to contain both aircraft in their respective areas until some other form of separation exists, and
· The departure area is separated from the arrival area by 45 degrees. Where an initial approach has a procedure turn, the departure area is separated from the arrival area by 90 degrees on the side of the procedure turn, and
· Separation can be maintained in the event of a missed approach.
A second aircraft shall not be cleared for an instrument approach until the preceding aircraft:
RAC 5-42 304.2
- Is in communication with and sighted by the aerodrome controller
- reasonable assurance exists that a normal landing can be accomplished
- the vertical spacing between aircraft shall never be less than the applicable vertical separation minima until visual separation can be applied; and
- separation can be maintained in the event of a missed approach;
An aircraft is laterally separated from an aircraft established on a published DME/VORTAC arc when it is leaving the area and is:
RAC 5-43 305
- at least 10 DME beyond the arc distance using the same DME; or
- established on track outside a sector from 45 degrees beyond the radial through which the aircraft has passed to 45 degrees beyond the final approach track.
