05 - Ventricular septal defect and PRAA

Question 1

(VSD)

1. more in dogs or cats?
2. spontaneous closure rare
3. typically shunt what direction?

Answer 1

1. dogs
2. left to right

Question 2

(VSD)

1. common breeds?
2. Cx: may be normal, ex intol, lethargy, cough, dyspnea

Answer 2

1. english springer spaniel, english bulldog

Question 3

(VSD)

1. murmur?
2. smaller defects louder or softer murmurs?

Answer 3

1. systolic right sternal or left basilar murmur
2. louder

Question 4

(VSD)

1. see enlargement of what?

Answer 4

1. LA and LV

Question 5

(VSD)

1. cause left or right sided heart failure?

Answer 5

1. left sided

Question 6

(VSD)

(treatment)

1. close the defect (interventional catheterization)
2. medical mgmt for left sided heart failure: diuretics, positive inotropic support

Question 7

(VSD)

(prog)

1. small defects: favorable, rarely develop Cx
2. moderate to large: develop clinical signs, shortened life span if not fixed

Question 8

(vascular ring anomaly: PRAA)

1. causes what?

Answer 8

1. regurgitation due to esophageal obstruction

Question 9

PRAA

tx?

Answer 9

surgical ligation of the ligamentum arteriosum

Question 10

PRAA

prog?

Answer 10

good to guarded. residual esophageal fx and structural dmg may persist