02 - congential: aortic stenosis & ASD

Question 1

what are the three most common congenital heart diseases in dogs?

Answer 1

PDA, subaortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis

Question 2

most common congenital defects in cats?

Answer 2

septal defects (ASD, ventricular septal defect, endocardial cushion defect) and atrioventricular valvular dysplasia

Question 3

3 most common defects that cause cyanosis

Answer 3

tetralogy of fallot, right to left shunting PDA, right to left shunting septal defect

Question 4

(aortic stenosis)

1. most often from tissue below aortic valve (subvalvular)
2. heritable?
3. breeds: newfie, golden, rottweiler, german shephard
4. Cx (may be normal)?

Answer 4

2. yes
3. ex intol, lethargy, syncope (fainting), cough, dyspnea, sudden death

Question 5

(subaortic stenosis)

1. murmur location?
2. murmur timing?
3. pulse quality?

Answer 5

1. left heart base
2. systolic
3. normal to weak

Question 6

(aortic stenosis)

echo changes?

Answer 6

Question 7

(aortic stenosis)

1. tall R waves in lead II suggestive of what?
2. wide p wave in lead II suggestive of what?

Answer 7

1. left ventricular enlargement
2. left atrial enlargement

Question 8

(aortic stenosis)

(radiographs)

normal in dogs with mild disease

3 changes?

Answer 8

enlarged LV/LA, poststenotic dilation or aorta

Question 9

(aortic stenosis)

1. balloon vulvoplasty vs. beta-blockers?
2. also usually need to manage what?

Answer 9

1. balloon has no benefit to beta-blocker alone
2. CHF (diuretics), abx to prevent valvular endocarditis

Question 10

(aortic stenosis)

1. mild?
2. moderate?
3. severe?

Answer 10

1. favorable, rare Cx
2. favorable, may get Cx
3. Cx, shortened life, risk of sudden death

Question 11

(Atrail septal defect)

1. occurs in dogs or cats?
2. typically shunt in what direction?

Answer 11

1. both
2. L to R

Question 12

(ASD)

common breeds?

Answer 12

boxer, standard poodle

Question 13

(ASD)

1. Cx?

Answer 13

1. may be normal, ex intol, lethargy, syncope, right sided heart failure with large defects (ascites, jugular venous distension, positive hepatojugular reflex)

Question 14

(ASD)

1. murmur is what?

Answer 14

1. systolic left basilar murmur

Question 15

(ASD)

1. heart enlargement where?

Answer 15

1. RV and RA

Question 16

(ASD)

1. see what on radiographs (normal with mild disease)

Answer 16

1. RA/RV enlargement, main pulmonary artery dilation, pleural effusion

Question 17

(ASD)

(treatment)

1. interventional catheterization -> close large ASDs
2. medical mgmt for what?

Answer 17

CHF

Question 18

(prognosis)

1. small defects?
2. large defects?

Answer 18

1. good, rare Cx
2. Cx, shortened life span (w/o defect closure)