01 - cardio physio definitions

Question 1

the force or tension on the ventricular myocardium during contraction =

Answer 1

afterload

Question 2

volume of blood present in the ventricle at the end of diastole =

Answer 2

preload

Question 3

chronotropy =

Answer 3

heart rate

positive chronotropy = increase in heart rate

Question 4

inotropy =

Answer 4

myocardial contractility

positive inotropy = increase in contractility

Question 5

systole =

Answer 5

contraction of heart chambers

Question 6

period of relaxation of the heart chambers =

Answer 6

diastole

Question 7

combination of stroke volume and heart rate =

Answer 7

cardiac output

Question 8

blood pressure is a combo of what?

Answer 8

cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance

Question 9

dilated chambers with normal/decreased wall thickness = ?

Answer 9

eccentric hypertrophy

Question 10

ventricular wall thickening cause by pressure overload = ?

Answer 10

concentric hypertrophy

Question 11

heart failure: occurs when what happens?

Answer 11

the hearts ability to supply adequate blood flow is reduced

Question 12

congestive heart failure -> occurs when what happens?

Answer 12

when reduced cardiac function results in elevated venous pressures and fluid accumulates in organs or body cavities

Question 13

backward heart failure results in congestive

Question 14

left-sided heart failure results in what?

Answer 14

pulmonary edema

Question 15

right sided heart failure results in what?

Answer 15

hepatomegaly, ascites, pleural effusion, pericardial efusion

Question 16

decrease is cardiac outpur is detected by the kidneys - how does it respond?

Answer 16

renin released, converts angiotensin I to II -> constriction of vascular smooth muscle and increased blood volume

angiotensin also stims aldosterone -> ^ blood vol

Question 17

does heart failure cause sympathetic or parastympathetic response?

Answer 17

sympathetic (^NE) -> tachycardia and vasoconstriction