05 - quatitative monitoring

Question 1

hyperventilation = ?

hypoventilation = ?

Answer 1

PaCO2 level in the arterial blood lower than 40 mm Hg

PaCO2 level in the arterial blood higher than 40 mm Hg

Question 2

(resp)

1. normal rate during anesthesia?
2. do inhalation anesthetics increase or decrase breathing rate?

3.

Answer 2

1. 8 to 20 breaths/min
2. increase (but decrease tidal volume)

Question 3

(mucous membrane color)

1. should be pink
2. red = ?
3. cyanosis = ?
4. pale = ?
5. check mouth, eyelids, footpads, ears, prepuce, vulva

Answer 3

2. CO2 high (local tissue vasodilation
3. low oxygen
4. poor perfusion

Question 4

CRT should be less than what?

Answer 4

2 seconds

Question 5

(heart rate)

1. acceptable for dogs?
2. for cats?
3. high range for dogs?
4. for cats?

Answer 5

1. > 60 bpm
2. > 100 bpm
3. 150-160
4. 180-200

Question 6

Question 7

pulse strength is related to pulse pressure

1. pulse pressure is what?
2. MAP (mean arterial pressure) should be above what for dogs and cats?

Answer 7

1. difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
2. 60 mmHg

Question 8

(blood pressure)

1. low blood pressure (hypotension) may be due to what?

Answer 8

1. deep anesthesia, vasodilation, blood loss, dehydration, obstruction of blood flow, or a failing heart

Question 9

(blood pressure)

1. high blood presssure may be caused by what?

Answer 9

1. surgical stimulation, light anesthesia, excessive fluids, drugs that cause vasoconstriciton (epinephrine)

Question 10

(eye position)

1. eyes tend to be centered when patient is deep or light - where would you like the eye to be?
2. also should test palpebral reflex - when does it disappear?

Answer 10

1. rotated down and medially (cross eyed)
2. about the time surgical anesthesia begins

Question 11

(thermoregulation)

1. anesthetized body temp falls during anesthesia
2. preventi with warm IV fluids, low oxygen flow rates, heated blanket

Question 12

(blood loss)

1. a healthy animal can lose up to how much blood volume without major problems?
2. one way to estimate blood vol is to take 8% of the animal’s weight in kilograms

Answer 12

1. 15%