02 - preanesthetic agents

Question 1

Question 2

(anticholinergics)

1. two examples?
2. side effects
3. used for what?

Answer 2

1. glycopyrrolate, atropine
2. parasympatholytic stuff (tachycardia, dec motility, mydriasis)
3. intrathoracic cardio cases

Question 3

(tranquilizers and sedatives)

(acepromazine - a phenothiazine tranquilizer)

1. actions?
2. analgesia?
3. side fx?

Answer 3

1. sedation, antidysrhythmic, antiemetic, dec MAC
2. no -> but makes opiods more effective
3. hypotension (large doses), hypothermia

Question 4

(tranqs and sedatives)

(benzodiazepines)

1. 3 examples?
2. effect at what receptors?

Answer 4

1. diazepam, midazolam, zolazepam
2. GABA

Question 5

(benzodiazepines - diazepam)

1. good for IM?
2. actions?
3. mix with other agents?

Answer 5

2. anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant
3. no

Question 6

(benzodiazepines - midazolam)

1. strength vs diazepam?
2. do IM?
3. usually administered with what?
4. effect on circulatory and pulmonary systems?

Answer 6

1. stronger (but shorter acting)
2. yep
3. opioids
4. very little

Question 7

1. what is the antagonists for diazepam and midazolam?

Answer 7

1. flumazenil

Question 8

(alpha-2 agonists)

1. 3 drugs?
2. mech?

Answer 8

1. xylazine, detomidine, dexmedetomidine
2. reduce level of NE centrally and peripherally

Question 9

(alpha-2 agonists)

(xylazine, detomidine, dexmedetomidine)

1. effect of vasculature?
2. 3 other effects?

Answer 9

1. initial hypertension followed by hypotension
2. sedation, relaxation, analgesia

Question 10

(alpha-2 agonists)

1. adverse effects?

Answer 10

1. vomiting, bradycardia (AV block), resp depression in some

Question 11

1. alpha-2 agonists can be reversed by what?

Answer 11

1. yohimbine

Question 12

1. all opioids can be combined with a low dose of what to ^ sedation and analgesia?

Answer 12

1. acepromazine

Question 13

1. what is used to reverse opioids?

Answer 13

1. naloxone

Question 14

(opioids)

(morphine)

1. cause dysphoria, exciement, vomiting, resp depression, bradycardia

Question 15

(opioids)

(meperidine)

1. how potent vs. morphine?
2. used for what?

Answer 15

1. 1/10 (vomiting rare)
2. premedication in pediatrics and geriatrics

Question 16

(opioids)

(oxymorphone)

1. how potent vs morphine?
2. sedation, analgesia, resp depression, bradycardia, vomiting rare
3. duration?

Answer 16

1. 5 to 10X as potent as morphine
2. 1-3 hours

Question 17

(opioids)

(hydromorphone)

1. how potent vs morphine?
2. duration?

Answer 17

1. 6x as potent
2. 1-3 hours

Question 18

(opioids)

(butorphanol)

1. classified as what?
2. resp or cardio depression?
3. duration?

Answer 18

1. agonist-antagonist
2. little
3. 1-2 hours

Question 19

(buprenorphine)

1. another agonist-antagonist (like butorphanol)
2. resp depression? cardio depression?
3. used for what?
4. often combined with what to produce profound sedation and analgesia?

Answer 19

2. some, a little
3. longer post-op analgesia (4-6 hours)
4. acetylpromazine

Question 20

(dissociative agents)

1. example?
2. low dose provides what?
3. high dose provides what?
4. side fx?

Answer 20

1. ketamine
2. sedation
3. anesthesia
4. tachycardia, ^ intracranial pressure, may cause seizures