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Biochemistry 3 > 05 Nutritional anthropometry > Flashcards

05 Nutritional anthropometry Flashcards

1
Q

What is Nutritional anthropometry?

A

Nutritional anthropometry is defined as the “quantitative measurements of the physical dimensions and the gross composition of the human body and their variations at different age levels and degrees of nutrition”.

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2
Q

Anthropometric measurements are of two types

A

physical dimensions and gross composition.

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3
Q

Anthropometric measurements

have been widely used for the assessment of the nutritional status of both children and adults. True or false?

A

True

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4
Q

What is Gross composition ?

A

Gross composition refers to the anatomical makeup of the body in terms of bone, muscle, water and fat.

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5
Q

Usually, a single measure will not provide a comprehensive overview of the patients’ condition and so a number of measurements are required to form a more reasoned assessment. True or false?

A

True

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6
Q

What are the core elements of anthropometry ?

A

height, weight, body mass index (BMI), body circumferences (waist, hip, and limbs), and skinfold thickness

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7
Q

anthropometric measurements are important because they represent diagnostic criteria for…………………..

A

nutritional disorders and obesity.

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8
Q

anthropometric measurements can be used as a baseline for …………… and to measure the progress of fitness.

A

physical fitness

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9
Q

What is BMI ?

A

Body mass index (BMI)

BMI (kg/m2) = weight (kg) / height 2 (m2)

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10
Q

BMI < 18.5 is ………….

A

Under weight

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11
Q

BMI =>…….. is extremly obese

A

40

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12
Q

BMI = 18.5 - 24.9 is ………….

A

Normal

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13
Q

BMI = 25 - 29.9 is ………….

A

Over weight

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14
Q

BMI = …………… is obese

A

30 - 39.9

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15
Q

What is Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC)

A

Involves measuring the circumference of the mid-point on upper arm using a tape.
• This is a surrogate measure of both fat mass and fat-free mass

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16
Q

………….. is a useful measure when a person cannot be weighed or if their weight is not likely to be a true reflection of the persons’ actual weight, e.g. if the patient has edema or ascites

A

Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC)

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17
Q

If MUAC is > …………..cm, the patient is likely to have a healthy BMI and is at low risk of malnutrition.

If MUAC is < …………..cm, the patient is likely to have a BMI < 20 kg/m2 and may be at risk of malnutrition.

A

23.5 cm

18
Q

What is Skin fold thickness?

A

Measurement requires a trained person using calibrated skin fold calipers.
• Skin fold measurements can be taken at 4 different sites: suprailliac, subscapular, biceps, or triceps (TSF; most commonly used).

19
Q

Skin fold measurements can be taken at 4 different sites. Mention them

A

suprailliac, subscapular, biceps, or triceps (TSF; most commonly used).

20
Q

Measurement should be repeated 3 times and the mean result recorded. This is a surrogate measure of …………..

A

Total fat mass

21
Q

…………….. can be used to interpret/read skin fold thickness measurements

A

Centile tables

22
Q

What is MAMC ?

A

Mid arm muscle circumference (MAMC)

• MAMC is a surrogate measure of fat-free mass and is calculated using MUAC and TSF.

MAMC (cm) = MUAC (cm) – 3.14 x TSF (cm)

23
Q

……………… allow assessment of changes in total body muscle mass over time

A

Centile tables

24
Q

Since obesity is a major modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, one of the best clinical utilities of anthropometric data is to define obesity. True or false?

A

True

25
Q

What is the best measurement to define obesity?

measurements including BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to- height ratio

A

The best measurement to define obesity is not uniformly agreed upon. However, it is stated that BMI is the most logical choice given its historical use.

26
Q

elevations in anthropometric measurements are associated with high risk of …………………

A

dyslipidemia (elevated cholesterol)
hypertension ( high blood pressure)
hyperglycemia (excess of glucose in blood stream)

27
Q

The lengths of extremities are related to chronic diseases. True or false?

A

True

28
Q

those with a shorter upper leg length (ULL) have a higher prevalence of …………. . Similarly, shorter upper arm length has an association with a higher prevalence of ………
.

A

Metabolic syndrome

Diabetese

29
Q

While anthropometric data in the adult population is helpful to define obesity, it is also used extensively in the pediatric population to determine nutritional status.
So what are the different types of undernutrition?

A 
Wasting = low weight for height 
Stunting = low height for age 
Underweight = low weight for age
30
Q

Once any of undernutrition conditions are determined, the practitioner should consider …………..

A

replacing nutrients, secondary causes of the condition, and a potential referral to a dietitian.

31
Q

Head circumference is another anthropometric measurement routinely used in ………… . This measurement is important to diagnose ……………….. , which has well- documented complications

A

Children

Microcephaly

32
Q

For infants and toddlers who cannot stand, the……………………… should be measured.

A

recumbent length

33
Q

What is mid- upper arm circumference (MUAC) ?

A

Another anthropometric measurement useful to assess nutritional status in children

can be used to assess the severity of malnutrition.

34
Q

…………. can be used to assess the severity of malnutrition.

A

mid- upper arm circumference (MUAC)

35
Q

……….. also has utility to assess nutritional status in pregnancy as one study showed that it is the anthropometric measurement of choice in pregnancy.

A

mid- upper arm circumference (MUAC)

36
Q

……………. Is the ganthropometric measurement of choice in pregnancy.

A

mid- upper arm circumference (MUAC)

37
Q

Although technology may eventually advance to replace anthropometry on some level, one study found that the anthropometric measures of …………………………. are superior to ultrasound to assess for regional adiposity (used for the storage of fat).

A

Waist and hip circumferences

38
Q

………………. is critical in the definition of metabolic syndrome, which is important to define because it has many complications, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and many others.

A

Regional adiposity

39
Q

What are the Equipments used in anthropometry?

A
  • Weight scale.
  • Stadiometer.
  • Skinfold caliper.
  • Non-stretchable tape measure.
  • Infantometer to measure the recumbent length
40
Q

advantages of Nutritional anthropometry ?

A

they are safe, noninvasive, inexpensive and durable/ strong.

41
Q

Disaddvantages of Nutritional anthropometry?

A

prone to measurement errors. These errors arise out of inadequate and improper training of personnel, difficulties in measurement of certain anthropometric characteristics

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