05 - leukocyte responses

Question 1

1. what is a left shift?
2. w/ neutrophilia suggests what?
3. w/ neutropenia suggests what?

Answer 1

1. ^ conc of immature neutrophils in circulation
2. inflammation
3. aggressive inflam w/ severe consumption of neutrophils

Question 2

leukemia = ?

Answer 2

presence of neoplastic cells in circulation

Question 3

1. lymphoproliferative disorders are neoplasias of lymphocytes
2. what refers to neoplasia of lymphocytes within tissue?
3. what is neoplasia of lymphocytes within bone marrow and blood?
4. myeloproliferative disorders originiate from stem cells where?

Answer 3

2. lymphosarcoma (lymphoma)
3. lymphocytic leukemia
4. in the bone marrow

Question 4

(changes in morph)

(toxic change)

1. normal fxn -> produced at faster rate in bone marrow
2. 3 changes?

Answer 4

2. basophilic cytoplasm, dohle bodies, cytoplasmic vacuolation

Question 5

(neutrophils - changes in morph)

1. what happens when retained in peripheral circulation for longer than normal time?
2. degen of neutrophils (vacuolization/swelling) is artifact in blood that has aged for greater than 12 hours before making a blood smear
3. get leukocyte agglutination in vitro -> falesly lower WBC count

Answer 5

1. hypersegmentation

Question 6

(response to inflammation)

1. rank these species in order of neutrophil reserve (least to most)

cat, dog, horse, cow

Answer 6

dog > cat = horse > cow

Question 7

(patterns - excitement)

1. caused by release of what? causing what?
2. left shift?
3. most freq in what species? see what?

Answer 7

1. epinephrine release, shifts leukocytes from marginated pool to the circulating pool
2. no
3. cats, lymphocytes about 20,000

Question 8

(patterns - stress)

1. caused by release of what?
2. see what?
3. if see this pattern w/o steroid response in dog what should be considered?

Answer 8

1. ACTH -> cortisol
2. 2x neutro (no left shift), monocytosis (dogs), lymphopenia, eosinopenia
3. hypoadrenocorticism

Question 9

(approach to neutrophilia)

1. if left shift present suspect what?
2. if no left shift look at lymphocyte numbers…

if ↓?

if normal or slightly ^?

Answer 9

1. inflammation
2. steroid response

consider excitement response

Question 10

(lymphocytosis)

1. excitement -> lymphos look how?
2. how do they look in lymphocytic leukemia?
3. what causes in canines?

Answer 10

1. normal
2. large-diameter, lighter-staining nucleus, ^ cytoplasm
3. chronic canine erlichiosis

Question 11

(neutropenia)

1. acute inflammatory consumption has a left shift - toxic change in a few days.
2. if stem cell injury usually accompanied by what (if reversible)?
3. causes of non-reversible neutorpenia?

Answer 11

2. non-regen anemia and thrombocytopenia
3. FeLV, hypoproliferative disorders, myeloproliferative disorders

Question 12

(approach to neutropenia)

1. determine if anemic. If so consider what?
2. if not anemic, see if left shift. if present consider what?
3. if no left shift consider what?

Answer 12

1. chronic bone marrow injury
2. acute inflammation
3. acute viral infection or acute marrow injury

Question 13

(lymphopenia)

1. usually due to what?

Answer 13

1. steroids

Question 14

(monocytosis)

1. relatively unimportant
2. respond to ^ demand for macrophages in tissues

Question 15

(eosinophilia)

1. consider what two things?

Answer 15

1. hypersensitivity or parasites

Question 16

(basophils)

1. uncommon and interpretation unknown