05 Gender and Sexuality

Question 1

social construction

Answer 1

something that varies across time an/or place -> reveals that something is not natural, innate, or biological but instead sociocultural instrument

Question 2

sex

Answer 2

biological variable based on anatomy created by medical community to enforce sex classifications based on conditions

ex) sex testing in sports

Question 3

gender

Answer 3

social construct that encompasses the traits of that gender identity and enforces those expectations onto that person

Question 4

gender as performance

Answer 4

gender is set of behaviors mannerisms that are constructed through daily interactions

ex) woman being stay at home mom?

Question 5

gender as interaction

Answer 5

gender is constructed through interactions with others

ex) man proposing to woman

Question 6

gender norms

Answer 6

unwritten or unspoken rules -> dictates how individuals should behave, dress, and present themselves based on perceived gender

Question 7

gender socialization

Answer 7

how do we learn social norms? how are they enforced on us? why does it matter?

Question 8

types of gender systems

Answer 8

gender binary, trichotomy, spectrum

Question 9

gender binary

Answer 9

women are naturally…
men are naturally…

Question 10

gender essentialism

Answer 10

belief that men and women have distinct, innate qualities that are biologically based

women’s brain: shopping, chocolate, makeup
men’s brain: sports, beer, sex

Question 11

gender complementarity

Answer 11

men and women have different but complementary strengths

Question 12

transgender vs cisgender

Answer 12

trans -> gender identity doesnt match one assigned at birth

cis -> gender matches one assigned at birth

Question 13

heteronormativity

Answer 13

hetero relationships are the normal and acceptable relationships

Question 14

abstinence only vs comprehensive sex ed

Answer 14

promotes abstinence -> doesnt reduce any stds, teen pregnancy etc

comprehensive -> better bc promotes safety and more indepth education

Question 15

compulsory heterosexuality

Answer 15

socialization imposes or assumes heterosexuality
benefits given to hetero that are denied to others

Question 16

hegemonic masculinity

Answer 16

gender norms around manhood are narrowly policed enforced or imposed on boys

what a man should be in culture

Question 17

precarious sexuality

Answer 17

men -> identity is privledge that can easily be lost

straight men more likely to be categorized as gay or bi
lesbians more likely to be categorized as straight after one different sex encounter other than gay men

Question 18

intersectionality

Answer 18

intersection of different contexts that make up someone’s identity

gender, race, age, class, language, religion, etc

Question 19

matrix domination

Answer 19

systems of oppression and privilege combine and compound

Question 20

stalled gender revolution

Answer 20

progress toward gender equality has stalled or stopped in recent decades

Question 21

causes of gender wage gap

Answer 21

discrimination, job segregation, bias

Question 22

motherhood penalty

Answer 22

mothers -> seen as unreliable in workplace, likely to be underpaid and never be promoted

Question 23

fatherhood premium

Answer 23

fathers -> seen has responsible, reliable, more likely to make more being father and be promoted

Question 24

gender deevaluation

Answer 24

social process of undermining women’s labor and accomplishments in workplace

Question 25

cognitive labor

Answer 25

mental effort in managing households and delegating tasks and family schedule

Question 26

examples of intersectional inequalities

Answer 26

white gay men -> paid less black gay men -> paid more