01 Foundational Concepts Flashcards
sociology
how society is organized and how that structure affects the behavior of the people who live there
sociological imagination
unique way of looking at world –> look at intersection of personal stories with social context
thinking like a sociologist
wanting to make the unknown known, using data to discover how society actually works
historical context of sociology
industrial revolution -> people moving to cities & becoming increasingly dependent on each other
founders of sociology
marx, durkheim, weber
marx
society is based on social conflict
marx 2 groups
capitalists: own factories
workers: work for factories
conflict between marx 2 groups
both want more economic resources
how would workers get more?
how would capitalists get more?
**always will be in conflict
durkheim
focused on things that exist outside individual that limited our behavior
- mechanical solidarity vs organic solidarity
organic solidarity
people relying on each other to complete specialized tasks
ex) farmers grow food using tools factory workers made, factory workers eat food farmers grow
mechanical solidarity
social cohesion based on shared beliefs
ex) indigenous tribe
weber
look at individuals and meanings they make of their behavior
values influence behavior
norms
expectations of behavior based on certain qualities -> learned, differ across communities
resources
we acquire these things such as money education, status
status
person/group socially determined positions within society
ascribed or achieved
ascribed status
born status
achieved status
changed status based on personal choices throughout life
role
set of expectations for behavior/attitudes of people who occupy particular social status
ex) beyonce, rihanna, cardi b
life chances
opportunities to provide oneself with material goods and favorable life experiences -> elevating quality of life
groups
2+ people that share similar values and expectations who interact on regular basis
networks
connect people directly or indirectly through mutuals
strong ties or weak ties
institution
center of social life -> enduring practices and rules that organize this
agency
our ability to act given structural rules and resources that impact our behaviors
ex) hunger strike, protesting
generalized other
internalized expectations that guide our behavior
ex) littering
looking glass self
how we view ourselves based on other peoples perceptions of us
socialization
way we learn our sense of self and how to be a member of society
functionalist perspective
manifest vs latent functions
manifest function
physical purpose of doing action
ex) rain dance -> rain
latent function
subconscious function
ex) rain dance -> reinforces culture
conflict theory
marx, social rules are designed to reward certain groups with status, resources etc
symbolic interactionism
everyday interactions -> how we maintain interaction order
