05 - complications Flashcards
1
Q
horses at greatest risk
- pregnant and foaling mares
- older mares
- draft breeds
- large, heavily muscled horses
- foals
A
2
Q
what is the most disastrous consequence during recovery?
A
fractured long bone
3
Q
(regurgitation and aspiration)
- how common?
- can occur if the stomach is greatly distended in a horse with colic
A
- uncommon
4
Q
(postanesthetic myopathy and neuropathy)
- most commonly affects what two muscles/nerves?
- contributing factors = ?
A
- triceps muscle (radial nerve), gluteal muscles (femoral nerves)
- lack of padding, prolonged recumbency, incorrect positioning
5
Q
(airway obstruction)
- can result from what during postexubation period?
A
- edema of the nasal mucosa and displacement of the soft palate
6
Q
(hemorrhage)
- = loss of what % of blood volume?
- signs during severe hemorrhage?
- resuscitate with what?
A
- 10 %
- pale/white MM, decreased artieral BP
- IV crystalloid solution
7
Q
(hyperkalemic periodic paralysis)
- attacks have been reported under anesthesia
- happens in impressive bred horses
- signs = ?
- tx = ?
A
- muscle fasciculations, sweating, ECG changes
- IV dextrose
8
Q
(apnea)
- will follow iatrogenic hyperventilation
- usually indicates what?
A
- horse anesthetized too deeply
9
Q
(arterial hypotension)
- commonly caused by inhalant anesthetics 2° to myocardial dpression
- what used to treat?
A
- dobutamine
(can also use calcium or ephedrine)
10
Q
(bradycardia)
- common, esp in fit athlete
- commonly caused by what type?
- don’t induce anesthesia if heart rate is less than what?
A
- a-2 agonists (xylazine, detomidine, romifidine)
- 20 bpm
11
Q
(draft breeds)
- require less or more tranq?
- also a greater risk of post-anesthetic myopathy
A
- less
12
Q
(foals)
- neonatal foals tend to be hypo in what 4 things?
A
- hypotensive, hypothermic, hypoglycemic, hypovolemic
