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2021 Grade 8 NS > 05 Atoms > Flashcards

05 Atoms Flashcards

1
Q

The Universe

A
  • All of space and time
  • Made up of matter and energy
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2
Q

Matter

A
  • All of the physical substances around us
  • Anything that has mass and takes up space
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3
Q

Atoms

A
  • The extremely small unit that elements are made of
  • Cannot be chemically broken down into smaller particles
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4
Q

Sub-Atomic particles

A
  • The tiny particles that an atom is made of
  • Smaller than atoms
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5
Q

An element

A

Matter made up of the same type of atoms

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6
Q

The table in which all elements are arranged

A

Periodic table

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7
Q

The element: H

A

Hydrogen

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8
Q

The element: He

A

Helium

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9
Q

The element: Li

A

Lithium

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10
Q

The element: Be

A

Beryllium

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11
Q

The element: B

A

Boron

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12
Q

The element: C

A

Carbon

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13
Q

The element: N

A

Nitrogen

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14
Q

The element: O

A

Oxygen

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15
Q

The element: F

A

Fluorine

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16
Q

The element: Ne

A

Neon

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17
Q

The element: Na

A

Sodium

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18
Q

The element: Mg

A

Magnesium

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19
Q

The element: Al

A

Aluminium

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20
Q

The element: Si

A

Silicon

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21
Q

The element: P

A

Phosphorus

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22
Q

The element: S

A

Sulfur

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23
Q

The element: Cl

A

Chlorine

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24
Q

The element: Ar

A

Argon

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25
Q

The element: K

A

Potassium

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26
Q

The element: Ca

A

Calcium

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27
Q

The element: Ti

A

Titanium

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28
Q

The element: Cr

A

Chromium

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29
Q

The element: Mn

A

Manganese

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30
Q

The element: Fe

A

Iron

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31
Q

The element: Ni

A

Nickel

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32
Q

The element: Cu

A

Copper

33
Q

The element: Zn

A

Zinc

34
Q

The element: Br

A

Bromine

35
Q

The element: Ag

A

Silver

36
Q

The element: Sn

A

Tin

37
Q

The element: I

A

Iodine

38
Q

The element: Pt

A

Platinum

39
Q

The element: Au

A

Gold

40
Q

The element: Hg

A

Mercury

41
Q

The element: Pb

A

Lead

42
Q

The element: U

A

Uranium

43
Q

Models in science:

A
  • A model is a representation of a system in the real world.
  • Models help us to understand systems and their properties.
44
Q

The atom model represented by this diagram:

A

Dalton’s ‘billiard ball’

(1807)

45
Q

The atom model represented by this diagram:

A

Schrödinger’s ‘electron clouds’

(1926)

46
Q

The atom model represented by this diagram:

A

Thompson’s ‘plum pudding’

(1904)

47
Q

The atom model represented by this diagram:

A

Rutherfords ‘solar system’

(1911)

48
Q

The atom model represented by this diagram:

A

Bohr’s ‘electron orbit energy levels’

(1913)

49
Q

The three main subatomic particles

A
  • Protons
  • Neutrons
  • Electrons
50
Q

How to determine the number of protons?

A

The same number as the atomic number

51
Q

How to determine the number of electrons?

A

Same number as the number of protons

52
Q

How to determine the number of neutrons?

A

The difference between the atomic mass and the atomic number.

53
Q

Number of protons, neutrons and electrons in Sodium:

A

Protons: 11

Neutrons: 12

Electrons: 11

54
Q

The number of protons, neutrons and electrons in Fluorine:

A

Protons: 9

Neutrons: 10

Electrons: 9

55
Q

The number of protons, neutrons and electrons in Carbon:

A

Protons: 6

Neutrons: 6

Electrons: 6

56
Q

A molecule

A

Two or more atoms that are chemically bonded (joined) together

57
Q

Compounds

A

Matter made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together

58
Q

Is a bar of gold an example of an element or a compound?

A

Element

59
Q

Is oxygen gas and example of an element or a compound?

A

Element

60
Q

Is water an example of an element or a compound?

A

Compound

61
Q

Is sodium chloride (table salt) an example of an element or a compound?

A

Compound

62
Q

Can elements exist as molecules but not be compounds?

A

Yes

E.g. diatomic molecules of hydrogen, oxygen, and chlorine

63
Q

Mixtures

A
  • Matter consisting of two or more different types of particles (different elements or compounds)
  • In varying amounts
  • Physically mixed together
64
Q

Pure substances

A

Matter made up of only one type of atom or molecule.

65
Q

Chemical bonds

A
  • Strong forces of attraction that hold atoms together in a molecule
  • These are broken and formed between different atoms during chemical reactions
66
Q

Electrolysis

A

Chemical decomposition reaction by passing an electrical current through a liquid solution

67
Q

Decomposition of water results in:

A

Hydrogen gas (bubbles)

Oxygen gas (bubbles)

68
Q

Chemical decomposition of copper chloride results in:

A
  • Copper (solid coating the -ve electrode)
  • Chlorine (gas bubbles at the +ve electrode)
69
Q

Thermal chemical decomposition

A

Using thermal energy (e.g. a flame) to chemically decompose a compound

70
Q

Thermal decomposition of potassium permanganate results in what gas being released?

A

Oxygen

71
Q

The positive test for the presence of oxygen gas

A

A glowing splint ignites and has a flame

72
Q

Example methods of separating mixtures

A

sorting

sifting

using a magnet

dissolving

evaporating e.g. distillation

73
Q

What property of water and ethanol allow for distillation to work as a method of separating a mixture of water and ethanol?

A
  • Water has a higher boiling point (temperature) than ethanol.
  • If you heat the mixture up, most of the ethanol will form a vapour before the water.
74
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged subatomic particles spinning around the nucleus of an atom

75
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom

76
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom

77
Q

Example properties of substances

A
  • Phase (solid, liquid or gas?)
  • Conductivity (conducts electricity?)
  • Solubility (soluble in water?)
  • Density (amount of mass in a given volume?)
  • Magnetism (is it magnetic?)
  • Melting point (what temperature causes it to melt?)
  • Boiling point (the temperature that it boils?)
78
Q

Example diatomic elements

A
  • Hydrogen
  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Fluorine
  • Chlorine
  • Bromine
  • Iodine

2021 Grade 8 NS (4 decks)

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