05. Ancient Greece and Beyond

Question 1

what is an agora?

Answer 1

an open, public space that serves as the center of civic life

Question 2

what is a stoa?

Answer 2

a covered walkway or portico, typically featuring a long colonnade that supports a roof

Question 3

what is a colonnade?

Answer 3

a row of columns

Question 4

what is a gable roof?

Answer 4

a roof with two sloping sides that meet at a peak to form a triangle

Question 5

what is a frieze?

Answer 5

a horizontal band of sculpted or painted decoration, typically part of an entablature between the architrave and the cornice

Question 6

what is a pediment?

Answer 6

a triangular gable, usually found above a doorway or portico, that forms the ends of a pitched roof

Question 7

what is an entablature?

Answer 7

horizontal space between the pediment and columns for sculptures

Question 8

what is fluting?

Answer 8

vertical grooves or channels that are carved into the shafts of columns

Question 9

what is entasis?

Answer 9

the swelling quality of columns

Question 10

what is a caryatid?

Answer 10

sculpted female figure that serves as a supporting column or pillar

Question 11

what is the golden rectangle?

Answer 11

geometric shape that has been used in architecture for its aesthetically pleasing proportions

Question 12

What are some characteristics of the Ancient Greece time period

Answer 12

-They were coastal/boat people, at war with each other, but shared gods
-several were city-states, also known as a polis, where there was the public and the democracy
-not everyone was able to vote (ie. women and slaves)

Question 13

Describe the Athenian Agora and its details

Answer 13

Existed around 300bce
-big open agora, with stoas, colonnades, and shops
-added temple and a big theatre and eating hall

Question 14

Describe the Theatre at Epidauros

Answer 14

Located in Epidarous, Greece, around 300bce
-it was built into the landscape, which visually connected to the surroundings
-rituals, poems, and shows occurred there
-great acoustics

Question 15

What were typical ancient greek houses like?

Answer 15

Mud brick walls, courtyards, gables and frieze

Question 16

Describe the details of the Temple of Hera II

Answer 16

Existed around 450bce in Paestum, Italy
-roughly made quality, with simple capitals
-featured pediments, portico, and entablature
-doric columns with fluting and entasis

Question 17

Describe the details of the Erechtheion

Answer 17

Built-in Athens, Greece, existed from 421-407bce
-was an acropolis that was devoted to Athena and Erechtheus
-was asymmetrical for importance, featured ionic column capitals
-had a caryatid porch

Question 18

Describe the details of the Parthenon

Answer 18

In Athens, Greece, existed around 448-432BCE
-was also an acropolis, dedicated to Athena
-was considered the archetype doric temple
-colorful, ornamental, with fluting and entasis
-optical corrections occured, where the entasis looks more sutble

Question 19

Describe some of the details of Petra, and how they were influenced by the Greek

Answer 19

-Hellenistic art and cultural fusion
-Nabatean water, with engineering and rock-cut architecture, such as family tombs, basin descending hills, and water channels
-had Lycian rock-cut tombs and temples cut into cliffs
-had restaurants, bars, and guests houses, considered a lively neighborhood

Question 20

Describe the Treasury in Petra and some of its details

Answer 20

Located in modern Jordan, around 30CE
-had animal carvings, weather, and god carvings
- stairs were recessed
-semi-attached building
-pavilionization: transformed a space/structure into a pavillion-like setting, often characterized by open airy spaces