05. Ancient Greece and Beyond Flashcards
what is an agora?
an open, public space that serves as the center of civic life
what is a stoa?
a covered walkway or portico, typically featuring a long colonnade that supports a roof
what is a colonnade?
a row of columns
what is a gable roof?
a roof with two sloping sides that meet at a peak to form a triangle
what is a frieze?
a horizontal band of sculpted or painted decoration, typically part of an entablature between the architrave and the cornice
what is a pediment?
a triangular gable, usually found above a doorway or portico, that forms the ends of a pitched roof
what is an entablature?
horizontal space between the pediment and columns for sculptures
what is fluting?
vertical grooves or channels that are carved into the shafts of columns
what is entasis?
the swelling quality of columns
what is a caryatid?
sculpted female figure that serves as a supporting column or pillar
what is the golden rectangle?
geometric shape that has been used in architecture for its aesthetically pleasing proportions
What are some characteristics of the Ancient Greece time period
-They were coastal/boat people, at war with each other, but shared gods
-several were city-states, also known as a polis, where there was the public and the democracy
-not everyone was able to vote (ie. women and slaves)
Describe the Athenian Agora and its details
Existed around 300bce
-big open agora, with stoas, colonnades, and shops
-added temple and a big theatre and eating hall
Describe the Theatre at Epidauros
Located in Epidarous, Greece, around 300bce
-it was built into the landscape, which visually connected to the surroundings
-rituals, poems, and shows occurred there
-great acoustics
What were typical ancient greek houses like?
Mud brick walls, courtyards, gables and frieze
Describe the details of the Temple of Hera II
Existed around 450bce in Paestum, Italy
-roughly made quality, with simple capitals
-featured pediments, portico, and entablature
-doric columns with fluting and entasis
Describe the details of the Erechtheion
Built-in Athens, Greece, existed from 421-407bce
-was an acropolis that was devoted to Athena and Erechtheus
-was asymmetrical for importance, featured ionic column capitals
-had a caryatid porch
Describe the details of the Parthenon
In Athens, Greece, existed around 448-432BCE
-was also an acropolis, dedicated to Athena
-was considered the archetype doric temple
-colorful, ornamental, with fluting and entasis
-optical corrections occured, where the entasis looks more sutble
Describe some of the details of Petra, and how they were influenced by the Greek
-Hellenistic art and cultural fusion
-Nabatean water, with engineering and rock-cut architecture, such as family tombs, basin descending hills, and water channels
-had Lycian rock-cut tombs and temples cut into cliffs
-had restaurants, bars, and guests houses, considered a lively neighborhood
Describe the Treasury in Petra and some of its details
Located in modern Jordan, around 30CE
-had animal carvings, weather, and god carvings
- stairs were recessed
-semi-attached building
-pavilionization: transformed a space/structure into a pavillion-like setting, often characterized by open airy spaces
