03. River Valleys

Question 1

Ziggurat:

Answer 1

A massive terraced structure built in ancient Mesopotamia, serving as a temple platform, with a rectangular base and several levels or tiers, often dedicated to a specific deity.(Stepped pyramid )

Question 2

Mastaba:

Answer 2

An ancient Egyptian tomb with a flat roof and sloping sides, typically constructed of mudbrick or stone, serving as an early form of burial structure before the development of pyramids.

Question 3

Pyramid:

Answer 3

A monumental structure with a square or triangular base and four triangular sides that converge to a single point at the top, primarily built as royal tombs in ancient Egypt.

Question 4

Axis Mundi:

Answer 4

A symbolic concept representing the connection between heaven and earth, often depicted as a cosmic axis or center of the world, found in various cultures and mythologies.(pyramid center)

Question 5

Shicra:

Answer 5

A construction technique used in ancient Andean cultures, involving the use of woven bags filled with soil or stones to create terraces, walls, or other architectural features, often associated with agricultural practices.

Question 6

Mesopotamia

Answer 6

The “Fertile Crescent” landscape & irrigation
Trade
Bronze Age technology

Question 7

The Ziggurat of Ur (ca. 3000 BCE)

Answer 7

in modern Iraq is one of the best-preserved examples of a ziggurat, serving as a significant religious and administrative center of the ancient Sumerian city

Question 8

Great Pyramids at Giza (ca. 2580-2500 BCE)

Answer 8

The site includes three main pyramids: the Pyramid of Khufu (the Great Pyramid), the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure, each serving as royal tombs for the pharaohs.Built using millions of limestone and granite blocks,

Question 9

Mohenjo-Daro (ca. 2500-1700 BCE) is

Answer 9

one of the largest and best-preserved cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, located in modern-day Pakistan.Included the Great baths, backed bricks, great granary, houses with private bathing platforms, and water draining systems

Question 10

Monumental complex at Caral (ca. 2600-2000 BCE

Answer 10

Carel Supa, based alomg river valley, shicra bag construction, what remains is a ceremonial space. circular plaza, large pyramids,

Question 11

White Temple” at Uruk (ca. 3100 BCE)

Answer 11

the White Temple is built on a raised platform, typical of ziggurat design, which served as a foundation for the temple. It was constructed from mud bricks and is characterized by its whitewashed exterior, giving it its name.

Question 12

Step Pyramid of Djoser, Imhotep (Saqqara, ca. 2650 BCE)

Answer 12

The Step Pyramid is characterized by its six stacked mastabas (flat-roofed structures) of decreasing size, creating a stepped appearance.The pyramid served as the tomb for Pharaoh Djoser and was part of a larger mortuary complex, including temples and courtyards, designed for rituals and offerings.

Question 13

Sneferu’s pyramids (ca. 2600 BCE