04. Bronze & Iron Age Mediterranean Flashcards
what is a pylon?
a large, monumental gateway or structure that marks the entrance to a significant area
what is trabeation?
a system where horizontal beams, also known as lintels, are supported by vertical posts or columns
what is a capital?
the top of a column, latin for head
what is a megaron?
a large, rectangular hall that has a columned porch at the entrance, with a fireplace in the middle, and open on the ceiling
what is cyclopean masonry?
construction technique using massive, irregularly shaped stones, which are fitted together without the use of mortar
what is a lintel?
a flat stone beam over an opening
what is corbeling?
a technique used to create a projecting or overhanging structure by stacking layers of stone/brick, so that each layer extends slightly beyond the one beneath it, creating a stepped appearance
what is nubian vaulting?
a way of constructing arched or vaulted roofs without the use of timber or complex framework, it relies on mud bricks, laid at an angle to create a self-supporting structure
what is a paradise garden
also known as a chahar bagh, it is a type of garden that symbolizes the concept of paradise, particularly in Islam
Describe the details of the Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut Senmut
Located in Senmut, built in the Valley of Kings, modern day Egypt, 1450bce
-was a rock-cut temple, with bilateral symmetry, cut into existing rock
-celebrated dead woman pharaoh
-harder access with less chance of robbery (entrance was in the center)
Describe the details of the Temple of Horus
Built in Edfu, Egypt, ca. 1500bce
-bilateral symmetry access
-court in the front with smaller spaces behind
-supported by columns, had trabeation and a hypostyle hall
What are some details about the Minoans of Crete?
-They were seafaring, had ancient trade routes, and palace-cities
-Had Egyptian influences, with hieroglyph writing, and grew items like grains and olives, which were turned into wines and olive oils
Describe the details of the Palace of Knossos
Built around 1600bce in Crete
-built on a hill, created flat terraces
-had a lot of workshops and storage
-unknown ruler/importance
-was a few stories tall, with a “maze” complex foundation, inspired the name Minoans
-Throne and queens room, axial spaces
-flat roofs for no worry of rain
-trabeation, plumbing with clay pipes
Describe some of the details of the Citadel at Mycenae
Built 1400 bce, was a palace type
-was considered an acropolis
-had a megaron, and was built with cyclopean masonry, and corbeling, lintel
-had a beehive tomb
Describe some of the details at the “Treasury of Atreus” at Mycenae
Existed around 1250bce
-had corbeling in a beehive tomb
-entrance with lintel, and corbeling techniques were used with the circle area
