05/01 Flashcards
What is osteosarcoma?
Most common primary bone tumour
Occurs commonly in male adolescents
Occurs in metaphyseal region of a long bone e.g. femur prior to epiphyseal closure
What do XRs of osteosarcoma show?
Codman triangle and sunburst appearance
Can have destruction of bone
What is osteosarcoma associated with?
The Rb gene
Often history of retinoblastoma
How long should women wait before pregnancy after stopping methotrexate?
6 months
Also must wait 6 months in men
What nerve is commonly injured in an anterior dislocation of the shoulder?
Axillary nerve
What is a Colles fracture?
Often occurs after a FOOSH injury
It is a distal radius fracture and often described as a dinner fork injury
What XR changes are seen in OA?
Loss of joint space
Osteophytes
Subchondral Sclerosis
Subchondral Cysts
What is the management of ankylosing Spondylitis?
Conservative
- patient education
- exercise
- support groups
- stop smoking
Medical
- ibuprofen or NSAIDs for 6 wks
- if >2 NSAIDs tried and high DAS score then biologics e.g. etanercept
What are symptoms of myositis?
Proximal muscle weakness No pain Muscle wasting Malaise Weight loss Fever Difficulty squatting or climbing chairs
What are symptoms of dermatomyositis?
Features of polymyositis PLUS
Gottron lesions- scaly erythematous patches on knuckles/elbows/knees
Heliotropic rash
Photosensitive erythematous rash on neck/back/shoulders
Periorbital oedema
Subcutaneous calcinosis
What is the first line preventative management in a patient with anti-phospholipid syndrome who has had a previous thrombotic event?
Warfarin
LMWH- for acute attacks
When should patients on steroids be offered osteoporosis prevention therapy?
Patients >65 or previous fragility fracture= offered straight away
Patients <65 with T score
What are the Ottawa rules of ankle XR?
Pain in malleoli region and any one of the following
- bony tenderness over lateral malleoli
- bony tenderness over medial malleoli
- inability to walk 4 weight bearing steps after the injury or in ED
