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Cardiovascular > 04.16 - HTN, Related HD (Nichols) > Flashcards

04.16 - HTN, Related HD (Nichols) Flashcards

1
Q

4 Major Types of Hypertrophic Heart Diseases

A

HTN Heart Disease, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Aortic Stenosis, Cor Pulmonale

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2
Q

3 Characteristics of HTN HD

A

Diastolic Dysfunction, Impaired Compliance and Ventricular Filling

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3
Q

4 major types of Hypertrophic Heart Diseases in order or prevalence

A

HTN Heart Disease, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Aortic Stenosis, Cor Pulmonale

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4
Q

Acute-on-Chronic Cor Pulmonale =

A

RV Dilatation + Hypertrophy

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5
Q

Age of presentation with Calcifications in Sinuses of Valsalva

A

Over 70

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6
Q

Age range for Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis

A

young and middle-aged adults

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7
Q

Age range for Degenerative Calcific Aortic Stenosis

A

> 70

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8
Q

Age range for Rheumatic Aortic Stenosis

A

young and middle-aged adults

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9
Q

Chronic Cor Pulmonale is characterized by

A

RV (and often R atrial) Hypertrophy

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10
Q

Criteria for Dx of HTN HD

A

LV Hypertrophy in absence of other CV pathology; Hx or pathologic evidence of HTN

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11
Q

Diastolic Dysfunction, Impaired compliance and Ventricular Filling are characteristic of

A

HTN HD

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12
Q

Dilation in HTN HD

A

Usually doesn’t occur until late in process

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13
Q

Do the same tx’s for atherosclerosis prevention work for calcific aortic stenosis

A

NO

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14
Q

Fibrosis is a feature of

A

HCM

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15
Q

Fibrosis of HCM can provide the anatomical substrate for

A

Reentrant Ventricular Tachycardia

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16
Q

How does rheumatic vavlulitis stenose the semilunar valve

A

Inflammation and fibrosis start at the commissure and moves inward

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17
Q

Hypertrophic CM is associated with asymmetric __

A

hypertrophy of septum

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18
Q

If aortic valve stenosis is due to previous rheumatic valvulitis, 95% of cases have simultaneous

A

mitral stenosis

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19
Q

In Acute Cor Pulmonale, the RV usually shows only

A

Dilation

20
Q

In some cases of what are myocytes oriented in abnormal directions (not parallel)

A

HCM

21
Q

Microscopic findings in HTN HD

A

Transverse diameter of myocytes is increased; Boxcar nuclei

22
Q

Myocyte disarray is seen in many cases of

A

Hypertrophic CM

23
Q

Normal LV thickness

A

1.2 - 1.4 cm

24
Q

Normal Ventricular wall thickness

A

1.2 - 1.4 cm

25
Q

Patient with Bicuspid stenosis probably present with

A

Sudden death

26
Q

Possible Tx for HCOM

A

Surgical resection; Inject ethanol

27
Q

Presentation of Calcifications in Sinuses of Valsalva

A

Dyspnea, Angina, or Sudden Death

28
Q

Prevalence of HTN Heart Disease in HTN pts

A

60% of blacks, 30% of whites

29
Q

Risk factors for Calcific Aortic Stenosis

A

Nearly same as atherosclerosis

30
Q

RV in Chronic vs Acute Cor Pulmonale

A

Hypertrophy in Chronic, Dilatation in Acute

31
Q

The myocardial fibrosis in HTN HD and other hypertrophic HD’s tends to be

A

Interstitial

32
Q

Transverse diameter of myocytes is increased; Boxcar nuclei

A

Microscopic findings in HTN HD

33
Q

Typical symptoms of compensated HTN HD

A

Usually asymptomatic

34
Q

What causes obstruction of outflow in HCM

A

Asymmetrically hypertrophied upper septum bulging into outflow tract = HCOM

35
Q

What drives Progressive Myocardial Fibrosis

A

Cytokines, TGF-Beta

36
Q

What has stenosed the aorta in degenerative calcific aortic stenosis?

A

Formation of rocks in sinuses of valsalva

37
Q

What is highlighted by trichome stain

A

Interstitial fibrosis in HCM

38
Q

What proportion of Hypertrophic CM patients have HCOM

A

One Third

39
Q

Which hypertrophic HD is a surgical emergency

A

Aortic Stenosis

40
Q

Which hypertrophic HD occurs in RV

A

Chronic Cor Pulmonale

41
Q

Which hypertrophic HD occurs in young

A

Hypertrophic CM

42
Q

Which hypertrophic HD’s have murmurs

A

Aortic Stenosis, Hypertrophic CM sometimes

43
Q

Which hypertrophic heart dieases is more prevalent in blacks

A

HTN HD

44
Q

Which hypertrophic heart disease can be acute

A

Cor Pulmonale

45
Q

Which hypertrophic heart disease doesn’t present with angina

A

Cor Pulmonale

Cardiovascular (18 decks)

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