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Addictions > 04 Stimulants > Flashcards

04 Stimulants Flashcards

1
Q

Stimulant list
CNC
AMMM(e)

A 
Caffeine
Nicotine
Cocaine
*
Amphetamines
Methamphetamine
Methylphenidate
MDMA (Ecstasy)
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2
Q 
Methylphenidate
Brand names (3) and use
A

Concerta, Ritalin
= Methylphenidate

Adderall
= Amphetamine

for ADHD

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3
Q

MDMA chemical name?

A

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine

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4
Q

What are they?
C
Increase x 3

A 
Class of drug that elevate mood
Increase 
– feelings of well-being
– energy
– alertness
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5
Q

Cocaine, what are the 2 forms?

A

powder and crystallized

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6
Q

Powder cocaine is a?

Made from?

A

a hydrochloride salt

made from the leaf of the Erythroxylum coca plant

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7
Q

Crack is the smokable form of cocaine.

How is it made?

A

Processed with ammonia or baking soda and water, and heated to remove the hydrochloride

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8
Q

Nicknames for powder cocaine?

, candy, Charlie,
Speedball:

A

coke, C, snow, flake, blow, bump

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9
Q

Nicknames for crystallized cocaine?

How is it smoked?

A

rock and crack for the smokeable form (name came from the crackling sound)
In a glass pipe

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10
Q

What is a speedball?

A

cocaine or crack combined with heroin
or
crack and heroin smoked together

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11
Q

How is cocaine used? (3)

A

Snorted in powder form, through the nostrils, where the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream through the nasal tissues
*
Injected, using a needle and syringe, to release the drug directly into the vein
*
Heated in crystal form and smoked inhaled into the lungs

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12
Q

What do street dealers to with cocaine?

A

Dilute it with cornstarch, talcum power or sugar

or with other drugs!

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13
Q

how is Powder cocaine is usually used? (3)

A

Powder cocaine is usually
– snorted
– injected (mainlining)
or can be rubbed into mucous tissues i.e. gums.

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14
Q

What does snorting cocaine do?

A

produces a high that is less intense but lasts longer

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15
Q

What does injecting or smoking cocaine do?

Why?

A

produces a rapid high (rush)

because it is absorbed in the blood stream quickly, intensifying its effects

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16
Q

Cocaine mechanism of action
Not…
Also inhibit…

A

Dopamine reuptake inhibitor - occupies receptor on cell surface normally used by the brain chemical that would transport dopamine back to its source neuron. Not selective. Also inhibits 5HT reuptake.

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17
Q

Describe dopamine

A

Neurotransmitter similar to adrenaline

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18
Q

What does dopamine affect?

AME

A

brain process that control
– ability to experience pleasure and pain
– movement
– emotional response

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19
Q

Dopamine plays a role in?

A

our mental and physical health

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20
Q

Where are (I guess) cells that produce dopamine located?

A

Clustered in midbrain called substantia nigra

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21
Q

Parkinson’s disease =

A

little to no dopamine (give L-DOPA)

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22
Q

Schizophrenia =

A

excess dopamine

23
Q

Cocaine increases dopamine by preventing dopamine reuptake, leaving more dopamine in the synapse the other is…?

A

methylphenidate (Ritalin)

24
Q

Cocaine binds to the reuptake site in the presynaptic neuron. Consequently…
(3)

A

Does not allow dopamine to recycle.
Dopamine builds up and floods the synaptic gap.
*
Flood ends after about 30 min. and the person is left yearning to feel as he or she once did.

25
Q

Repeated use of coke =

A

tolerance

26
Q

Amphetamines - chemical name

A

(alpha-Methyl benzene)

27
Q

What do amphetamines do?

A

Mimic the effect of adrenaline on the body

28
Q

Amphetamines Know as?

A

uppers, bennies, wake ups, eye openers

29
Q

Amphetamines Appearance?

A

Vary in appearance, white pills to powder or crystals

30
Q

Amphetamines Routes?

A

Ingested orally, injected, sniffed or smoked

31
Q

Amphetamines - why do people think they are safe to take?

A

Because they are prescription drugs

32
Q

Amphetamines - addictiveness? (2)

A

Highly addictive, develop tolerance very quickly

33
Q

Amphetamines - mechanism of action?

A

Increase the activity of the monoamine neurotransmitters:
serotonin
norepinephrine
dopamine.

34
Q

Amphetamines stimulate…
Which leads to…
They also inhibit?

A

the release of the monoamine neurotransmitters,
which leads to elevated levels in the synapses
*
monoamine oxidase (responsible for destruction of the neurotransmitters) further increasing the levels

35
Q

Amphetamines most prominent neurotransmitter?

A

dopamine!

36
Q

Amphetamines first synthesized where and when?

A

Germany (1887)

37
Q

Amphetamines medically used in 1920s for?

A

initially used to treat asthma, bronchodilator

38
Q

Amphetamines in WWII. Say more.

A

WWII, over 72 million tabs were given to soldiers to keep them alert awake and aggressive

39
Q

Amphetamines and Hitler?

A

Hitler used them daily = contributed to his psychosis

40
Q

Amphetamines today used mostly for? (2)

A

narcolepsy and ADHD

41
Q 
Amphetamines ST effects?
head - DAD
skin - DA
high as shit - FUEL
*
hence the diet pill?
A 
Dilated pupils
Aching head (HA)
Dry mouth
*
Dry, itchy skin
Acne, sores
*
Fever, flushing & sweating
Uncontrollable movements
Elevated BP, increased HR, increased resp
Lack of sleep - Insomnia
*
Anorexia: hence the diet pill!
42
Q

Amphetamines LT effects?

PAWN Her Gems

A 
Psychological
Addiction
Withdrawal
Neurological damage
*
Heart disease
GI and nutritional
43
Q

Methamphetamines

Structure?

A

Similar in structure to amphetamines

Also known as:

44
Q

Methamphetamines

What do they stimulate?

A

CNS stimulant

45
Q

Methamphetamines

Made how? With what?

A

Made in clandestine labs with over-the-counter ingredients

46
Q

Methamphetamines
AKA?
Smoked form AKA?

A

speed, meth, chalk

smoked form is known as ice, crystal, crank

47
Q

Methamphetamines

General description

A

White, odorless, bitter-tasting, crystalline power that easily dissolves in water or alcohol

48
Q

Methamphetamines

Effects?

A

Effects can last 6-8 hrs

49
Q

Methamphetamines

After initial rush?

A

there is a state of agitation

50
Q

Methamphetamines

Mechanism of action?

A

Increases the release AND blocks the reuptake of dopamine

51
Q

Methamphetamines

Chronic use changes the brain function =

A
  • Reduced motor skills & impaired verbal learning

* Structural and functional changes in areas of the brain assoc. with emotion and memory

52
Q

Methamphetamines ST effects?

WIII HID

A 
Wakefulness
Increased physical activity
Increased resps
Increased BP
* 
Hyperthermia
Irregular heart beat
Decreased appetite
53
Q

Methamphetamines LT effects?

ME CAMP V

A 
Meth mouth
Extreme weight loss
*
Confusion
Anxiety
Mood disturbances
Psychotic features
*
Violent behaviour
54
Q

Why does meth mouth occur?

A 
drug-induced xerostomia (dry mouth)
bruxism (grinding of the teeth) 
poor nutrition
eating too much sugar
lack of dental hygiene

Addictions (5 decks)

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