01 History

Question 1

First drug Act in Canada - when, name, purpose

Answer 1

1908 ~ Opium Act ~ Prohibit non-medical use of opiates

Question 2

Over time, act extended to include?

CAPE Meth

Answer 2

Cannabis & Coke
Alcohol & Tobacco
Prescription and OTCs
Ecstasy & Inhalants
Methamphetamine

Question 3

Canada’s drug strategy is a key initiative by the federal government. It addresses harmful effects like?

Answer 3

Health/safety/economic consequences
for
Individuals/families/communities

Question 4

1987

Answer 4

5 year $210-million strategy with six major areas

Question 5

1987 – six major areas of concern II EET A

Answer 5

Information & Research
International cooperation
Education & Prevention
Enforcement & Control
Tx & Rehab
A national focus

Question 6

1992

Answer 6

Federal gov’t renewed its commitment (2nd phase) by merging:
National Strategy to Reduce Impaired Driving
and
National Drug Strategy and became “Canada’s Drug Strategy”

Question 7

1992 – Saw merging of...
National Strategy to Reduce Impaired Driving 
and 
National Drug Strategy... 
these became?

Answer 7

“Canada’s Drug Strategy”

Question 8

1992 – “Canada’s Drug Strategy” objectives? (2)

Answer 8

Reduce harmful effects of substance abuse on individuals/families/communities
Address both supply/demand of licit and illicit substances

Question 9

1998

Answer 9

Took 1987’s 6 major areas of concern and morphed them into 4 pillars

Question 10

1998 – four pillars (KNOW per KDS) EET H

Answer 10

Education & Prevention
Enforcement & Control
Tx & Rehab
Harm reduction

Question 11

1998 – what made program delivery problematic?

Answer 11

Funding was reduced

Question 12

2003

Answer 12

Government of Canada will invest $245 million but included a comprehensive renewed drug strategy

Question 13

2003 what remained?

Answer 13

The 4 pillars

Question 14

2003 – The 4 pillars remained but now included?

Answer 14

4 new areas of activity

Question 15

2003 – The 4 pillars remained but now included 4 new areas of activity… they really went out on a LIMM

Answer 15

Leadership
Intervention & Partnerships
Monitoring & Research
Modernized legislation & policy

Question 16

Review of Canada’s Drug Strategy occurs when?

Answer 16

Every 2 years

Question 17

Objectives of Canada’s Drug Strategy?
Decrease PINES
Increase x 1

Answer 17

DECREASE:
Prevalence of harmful drug use
Incidence of communicable diseases r/t abuse
Number of young Cdns who experiment
Economic/social/health costs that are avoidable
Supply of illicit drugs
INCREASE:
Use of alternative justice measures (drug treatment courts

Question 18

3 models of addiction

Answer 18

Abstinence
Harm Reduction
Biopsychosocial

Question 19

When did the Abstinence Model come about?

Answer 19

Early 1900s and became AA in the 60s

Question 20

Abstinence Model AKA?

Answer 20

Disease Model

Question 21

Abstinence Model defines addiction as?

Answer 21

A unique, irreversible and progressive disease that cannot be cured, but can arrested through abstinence

Question 22

Abstinence Model causes for addiction? (2)

Answer 22

Abnormality inherent in the individual

Constitutional disease or disorder

Question 23

Abstinence Model tx includes? (3)

And, also, how?

Answer 23

Identification/confrontation of the addiction disease
Medical intervention/help
Lifelong abstinence/sobriety
How = peer groups (AA, etc.)

Question 24

KDS one pro/one con re. abstinence model

Answer 24

Pro: in any healthy model of addiction, abstinence must be considered
Con: people who are addicted don’t like to see self as diseased

Question 25

Harm Reduction Model of Addiction – initial emergence?

Answer 25

Dutch drug policy in the 1970s

Question 26

Harm Reduction Model of Addiction – REemergence – when and why?

Answer 26

1980’s from concern about the social integration of people who use drugs into society

Question 27

Harm Reduction Model of Addiction – goal?

SHOT

Answer 27

Minimizing the contact that problematic drug users have with 
social
health 
other community services
treatment

Question 28

Harm Reduction Model of Addiction – received attention in Canada when and where?

Answer 28

1990s / BC

Question 29

Harm Reduction Model of Addiction – first received attention in BC in the 1990s but not formally used until? In what program?

Answer 29

2003 / Insite

Question 30

Harm Reduction Model of Addiction – what is it? (2)

PP

Answer 30

Part of a continuum of health promotion
*
Policy designed to 
decrease the harms associated with drug use 
without 
expecting cessation of drug use.

Question 31

Harm Reduction Model of Addiction – focus?

Answer 31

Prevention harms linked to drug use, not preventing drug use itself

Question 32

Harm Reduction Model of Addiction – Goals
Decrease PRPS
Increase x 1
Prevent x 1

Answer 32

DECREASE:
• Public disorder
• Risky licit and illicit drug use
• Public health risk r/t discarded dirty drug use equip
• Spread of infectious diseases (HIV, Hep B & C, TB)
INCREASE:
• Access to addiction tx/other health services
PREVENT:
• Drug overdose deaths

Question 33

5 examples of Harm Reduction programs in Canada? SSNM P

Answer 33

Substitution tx (methadone clinics)
Safer injection sites (Insite)
Needle exchange (street nursing)
Managed drinking programs (Impaired driving programs)
Peer programs

Question 34

Harm Reduction Model of Addiction – KDS “chant/belief” and who said it?

Answer 34

“If a person is not willing to give up his or her drug use, we should assist them in reducing harm to himself, herself and others” (Buning 1993).

Question 35

Biopsychosocial Approach to addiction states?

Answer 35

There are biological, psychological and sociological reasons for addiction

Question 36

Biopsychosocial Approach is?

Answer 36

multidimensional / multidisciplinary

Question 37

Biopsychosocial Approach attempts to?

Answer 37

Attempts to unify competing addiction theories into an integrated conceptual framework

Question 38

Biopsychosocial Approach focuses on?

Answer 38

Focuses on the treatment of the whole person, not just the addiction

Question 39

Biopsychosocial Approach first articulated by? When?

Answer 39

George Engel – 1977

Question 40

Others have expanded the concept to reflect the multiple pathways to addiction such as… BING

Answer 40

Behaviour that is learned
Impact of one’s family
Genetic predisposition
Need for self-medication