[04] Menstrual Cycle Flashcards
What is the menstrual cycle?
A monthly process where the female body prepares for a possible pregnancy
How long does a typical menstrual cycle last?
28 days
What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?
- Menstrual phase
- Follicular phase
- Ovulation
- Luteal phase
What happens during the menstrual phase?
The lining of the uterus (endometrium) is shed
What happens during the follicular phase?
An egg in the ovary matures due to FSH
What is FSH?
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
What happens during ovulation?
The mature egg is released from the ovary
What triggers ovulation?
A surge of LH
What is LH?
Luteinizing Hormone
What happens during the luteal phase?
The corpus luteum secretes progesterone
What is the corpus luteum?
The remains of a follicle after an egg has been released
What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?
It thickens the endometrium to prepare for potential pregnancy
What happens if fertilization does not occur?
The corpus luteum degenerates, progesterone levels fall, and a new cycle begins
What changes occur in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?
- It sheds during menstruation
- It thickens during the follicular and luteal phases
How do hormonal contraceptives affect the menstrual cycle?
They prevent ovulation and/or make the endometrium inhospitable to implantation
