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00-01-16: GI Disorders > 04 - intestinal disorders > Flashcards

04 - intestinal disorders Flashcards

1
Q

(diarrhea)

  1. acute vs chronic diarrhea (duration)?
A
  1. acute has sudden onset, duration of 3 weeks or less
  2. chronic persists 4 weeks or longer, or has episodic recurrence
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2
Q

small bowel vs large bowel diarrhea

A
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3
Q

(diagnostic approach for diarrhea)

  1. check hx, px, lab tests, fecal exam, imaging, endoscopy, laparotomy
A
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4
Q

(diarrhea)

(serum folate)

  1. decreased when?
  2. increased when?

(serum cobalamin)

  1. decrased when?
A
  1. impaired absorption in proximal SI
  2. overproliferation of normal intestinal flora or EPI
  3. impaired absoprtion in distal SI, bacterial overgrowth, EPI
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5
Q

(nonspecific tx of diarrhea)

  1. food for acute?
A
  1. restrict food intake for 24 hours -> give bland, low fat foods in small amounts -> gradually introduce normal diet
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6
Q

(nonspecific tx of diarrhea)

  1. dietary mgmt of chronic?
A
  1. give 3-4 meals a day, and use appropriate diets for condition
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7
Q

(nonspecific tx of diarrhea)

  1. fluids to correct dehydration
  2. anti-diarrheal drugs - what 2?
  3. what to treat giardia/nematodes?
  4. what for IBD?
  5. for chronic colitis?
A
  1. loperamide or diphenoxylate
  2. fenbendazole
  3. corticosteroids
  4. NSAIDs
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8
Q
  1. what drug has been associated with hemorrhagic gastroenterocolitis in dogs?
A
  1. dexamethasone

(many meds can cause diarrhea!)

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9
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(ascarids)

  1. most prevalent intestinal parasite of dogs?

of cats?

A
  1. toxocora canis

toxocora cati

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10
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(ascarids)

  1. Toxocora canis routes of infection?
  2. T. cati routes of infection?
A
  1. transplacental, milk-borne, ingestion of infected eggs
  2. same as canis minus transplacental
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11
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(ascarids - toxocara)

  1. Cx most often in what?
  2. what are they?
A
  1. puppies and kittens
  2. abdominal discomfort, potbelly, stunted growth, diarrhea

(intestinal obstruction by masses of worms or lung migration are rare)

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12
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(ascarids - toxocara)

  1. dx how?
  2. tx?
  3. can cause what in humans?
A
  1. fecal
  2. pyrantel pamoate
  3. visceral larval migrans
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13
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(hookworms)

  1. most common in dog?
  2. in cat?
A
  1. ancylostoma caninum (bloodsucker!)
  2. ancylostoma tubaeformae (feeds on tissue!)
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14
Q
A
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15
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(hookworms)

  1. routes of infection?
A
  1. prenatal, milk-borne, ingestion/skin pentration by infective larvae
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16
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(hookworms)

  1. Cx associated mostly with blood sucking activity - causing what?
A
  1. melena, bloody diarrhea, pallor, emaciation, dehydration
17
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(hookworms)

  1. dx?
  2. tx?
A
  1. fecal float
  2. pyrantel pamoate (best for pups), fenbendazole, or febantel
18
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(whipworms)

  1. most common type in dogs?
  2. attaches and feeds where?
A
  1. trichuris vulpis
  2. colonic and cecal mucosa -> colitis and tyhplitis
19
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(whipworms: trichuris vulpis)
1. infection by?

A
  1. ingestion of ova (can be in environment for 4-5 years)
20
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(whipworms: trichuris vulpis)
1. what type of diarrhea can it cause?

A
  1. large bowel
21
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(whipworms: trichuris vulpis)
1. dx?
2. tx?

A
  1. ova on fecal float
  2. fenbendazole or febantel
22
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(whipworms: Strongyloides)
1. strongyloides stercoralis resides where in what?
2. strongyloides tumefaciens resides where in what?

A
  1. proximal SI in dogs
  2. LI in cats
23
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(whipworms: Strongyloides)
1. what gets passed in feces?

A
  1. larva
24
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(whipworms: Strongyloides)
1. stercolaris may cause what in pups?

A
  1. acute hemorrhagic enteritis

(tumefaciens usually causes nothing)

25
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(whipworms: Strongyloides)
1. dx?
2. tx?

A
  1. fecal float
  2. fenbendazole, diethylcarbamazine, pyrantel pamoate
26
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(tapeworms)

  1. most common tapeworm in dogs and cats?
  2. what are the intermediate hosts?
A
  1. dipylidium caninum
  2. fleas and lice
27
Q

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(tapeworms)

  1. most infections are asymptomatic

what might you see though?

  1. dx?
  2. tx?
A
  1. mild decline in BCS or anal pruritis
  2. proglottids in feces
  3. praziquantel. control fleas and lice

00-01-16: GI Disorders (12 decks)

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