[04] Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Question 1

What role does the urinary system play in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance?

Answer 1

It regulates the volume and composition of body fluids by adjusting the amounts of water and electrolytes excreted in urine

Question 2

How do kidneys maintain fluid balance in the body?

Answer 2

By adjusting urine production based on the body’s hydration levels

Question 3

How do kidneys maintain electrolyte balance in the body?

Answer 3

By reabsorbing necessary ions and excreting excess ions in urine

Question 4

What role does ADH play in fluid balance?

Answer 4

ADH promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing water loss in urine and helping to maintain fluid balance

Question 5

What role does aldosterone play in electrolyte balance?

Answer 5

Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys, helping to maintain electrolyte balance

Question 6

What electrolytes do the kidneys help regulate?

Answer 6

• Sodium
• Potassium
• Calcium
• Chloride
• Magnesium
• Phosphate
• Bicarbonate

Question 7

What happens if there is too much water in the body (overhydration)?

Answer 7

The kidneys excrete more water in urine to restore fluid balance

Question 8

What happens if there is too little water in the body (dehydration)?

Answer 8

The kidneys conserve water by producing less urine to restore fluid balance

Question 9

What happens if there is too much sodium in the body (hypernatremia)?

Answer 9

The kidneys excrete more sodium in urine to restore electrolyte balance

Question 10

What happens if there is too little sodium in the body (hyponatremia)?

Answer 10

The kidneys conserve sodium by reabsorbing more sodium from urine to restore electrolyte balance

Question 11

How does ADH secretion change in response to overhydration?

Answer 11

ADH secretion decreases to increase water excretion

Question 12

How does ADH secretion change in response to dehydration?

Answer 12

ADH secretion increases to decrease water excretion

Question 13

How does aldosterone secretion change in response to high blood sodium levels?

Answer 13

Aldosterone secretion decreases to increase sodium excretion

Question 14

How does aldosterone secretion change in response to low blood sodium levels?

Answer 14

Aldosterone secretion increases to decrease sodium excretion

Question 15

How does the urinary system respond to high blood potassium levels?

Answer 15

It increases potassium excretion in urine

Question 16

How does the urinary system respond to low blood potassium levels?

Answer 16

It decreases potassium excretion in urine

Question 17

How does the urinary system respond to acidosis (low blood pH)?

Answer 17

It increases bicarbonate reabsorption and hydrogen ion excretion

Question 18

How does the urinary system respond to alkalosis (high blood pH)?

Answer 18

It decreases bicarbonate reabsorption and increases hydrogen ion reabsorption

Question 19

What is the main force driving fluid movement between compartments in the body?

Answer 19

Osmotic pressure, largely determined by sodium concentrations

Question 20

What is the role of the renal tubules in maintaining electrolyte balance?

Answer 20

They selectively reabsorb electrolytes and water, adjust their concentrations based on the body’s needs, and excrete the remainder in urine