[02] Urine Formation and Excretion

Question 1

What are the main steps of urine formation?

Answer 1

• Glomerular Filtration
• Tubular Reabsorption
• Tubular Secretion

Question 2

What happens during the Glomerular Filtration step of urine formation?

Answer 2

The blood pressure forces small solutes out of the glomerulus and into the Bowman’s capsule

Question 3

What is reabsorbed during Tubular Reabsorption step of urine formation?

Answer 3

• Water
• Glucose
• Amino acids
• Ions

Question 4

What happens during the Tubular Secretion step of urine formation?

Answer 4

Additional wastes (from the blood in the renal tubules), drugs, and excess ions are secreted into the filtrate

Question 5

What structures are involved in urine excretion?

Answer 5

• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Bladder
• Urethra

Question 6

What is the role of the kidneys in urine excretion?

Answer 6

The kidneys filter blood and form urine

Question 7

What is the role of the ureters in urine excretion?

Answer 7

Ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Question 8

What is the role of the bladder in urine excretion?

Answer 8

The bladder stores urine until it can be excreted

Question 9

What is the role of the urethra in urine excretion?

Answer 9

The urethra is the tube through which urine is excreted from the body

Question 10

How is the volume of urine excreted regulated?

Answer 10

By the antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which regulates the amount of water reabsorbed in the kidneys

Question 11

What is the average daily urine output for a healthy adult?

Answer 11

Approximately 1.5 liters

Question 12

How does the body respond to dehydration in terms of urine production?

Answer 12

The body will produce less urine of higher concentration to conserve water

Question 13

How does the body respond to overhydration in terms of urine production?

Answer 13

The body will produce more urine of lower concentration to expel excess water

Question 14

What is the composition of normal urine?

Answer 14

• 95% water
• 2.5% urea
• 2.5% other dissolved substances (like salts and organic compounds)

Question 15

What does it mean when urine is cloudy or has an abnormal color?

Answer 15

It can indicate dehydration, certain diseases, or may be a result of certain medications

Question 16

What could a sweet smell in urine indicate?

Answer 16

Diabetes, as sugar in the urine can create a sweet smell

Question 17

What is micturition?

Answer 17

It is the process of expelling urine from the body, also known as urination

Question 18

What triggers the micturition reflex?

Answer 18

When the bladder is about half full, stretch receptors in the bladder wall trigger the micturition reflex

Question 19

What controls the micturition reflex?

Answer 19

The central nervous system controls the micturition reflex, allowing urination to be voluntarily initiated and stopped