[03] Regulation of Blood Volume and Composition Flashcards
How does the urinary system regulate blood volume?
By adjusting the volume of water lost in urine
How does the urinary system regulate blood composition?
By controlling the excretion and reabsorption of electrolytes and by excreting waste products
What role do the kidneys play in regulating blood volume?
The kidneys can conserve or remove water to maintain the blood volume
How do the kidneys respond to an increase in blood volume?
They decrease the reabsorption of water, leading to more water in urine and decreased blood volume
How do the kidneys respond to a decrease in blood volume?
They increase the reabsorption of water, leading to less water in urine and increased blood volume
What role do the kidneys play in regulating blood composition?
The kidneys filter out waste products and excess ions from the blood, reabsorb necessary ions, and ensure that substances such as glucose are not lost in urine
What substances can the kidneys regulate in the blood?
- Water
- Sodium ions
- Potassium ions
- Calcium ions
- Hydrogen ions
- Bicarbonate ions
- Chloride ions
- Urea
- Uric acid
- Glucose
What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in regulating blood volume?
ADH promotes reabsorption of water in the kidneys, reducing water loss in urine and increasing blood volume
What is the role of aldosterone in regulating blood volume and composition?
Aldosterone increases reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys, which can increase blood volume and sodium levels
What is the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in regulating blood volume and composition?
ANP promotes excretion of sodium and water in the kidneys, which can decrease blood volume and sodium levels
What stimulates the release of ADH?
High blood osmolality (concentration of solutes) or low blood volume stimulates ADH release
What stimulates the release of aldosterone?
Low blood sodium levels or high blood potassium levels stimulate aldosterone release
What stimulates the release of ANP?
High blood volume or high blood pressure stimulates ANP release
How do kidneys help maintain blood pH?
By excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions
What happens if blood pH is too low (acidic)?
The kidneys excrete more hydrogen ions and reabsorb more bicarbonate ions to increase blood pH
