04 - ethics/plagiarism Flashcards
Definition of research ethics
Field that systematically analyze the ethical questions raised by research involving human subjects
Main focus of research ethics
Ensure that the study participants are protected, and that clinical research is conducted in a way that serves the needs of such participants and of society as a whole
T or F: Research ethics only works when and only when it is applied before the research is conducted
TRUE
Define morals
Principles and rules that define what is right or wrong
Informed by culture, religion, law
Define ethics
Application and interpretation of morals
Principle of non-maleficence
Not cause needless harm
Unnecessary risk
Principle of beneficience
Promote welfare
Principle of utility
Greatest benefit
Principle of autonomy
Respect the decisions
5 elements of the Nuremberg Code
- Social value
- Scientific validity
- No malfeasance
- Termination
- Informed consent
Social value
Should benefit society
Scientific validity
Trained persons, using correct techniques
No malfeasance
Safe and minimise harm
Termination
Participant withdrawal, stopping a harmful study
Parts of informed consent (5)
- Explanations of procedures
- Potential risks and discomfort
- Potential benefits
- Rights of inquiry and withdrawal
- Signatures of participant and witnesses
Definition of plagiarism from ConU code of conduct
The presentation of the work of another person, in whatever form, as one’s own or without proper aknowledgment
Definition of plagiarism
Reproducing someone else’s work or ideas without giving credit where credit is due
What counts as “other people’s ideas”? (4)
- all words quoted directly from another source
- all ideas paraphrased from a source
- all ideas borrowed from another source: statistics, graphs, charts.
- all ideas or materials taken from the internet
Why cite your sources ? (3 reasons)
- To give your writing credibility
- To help the reader (enable the reader to go and check and read those sources if he/she so wishes
- To protect yourself from plagiarism
When do you not have to cite? (2)
Common knowledge
Common knowledge within your field
