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EXCI 310 - fall 2022 > 02 - the research paper > Flashcards

02 - the research paper Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of research article (general)

A

Academic
Popular

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2
Q

Academic vs popular - title

A

Descriptive title vs catchy title

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3
Q

Academic vs popular - written by who

A

Experts vs journalists

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4
Q

Academic vs popular - authorship

A

Statement of authorship vs may not know who wrote it

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5
Q

Academic vs popular - Language

A

Scholarly language vs accessible language

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6
Q

Academic vs popular - Data

A

Detailed data vs simplified data

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7
Q

Academic vs popular - References

A

Includes references vs rarely cites sources

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8
Q

Academic vs popular - Review

A

Peer-reviewed vs not peer-reviewed

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9
Q

What type of article shows attention grabbing pictures?

A

Popular article

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10
Q

What are the main components of a research paper? (9)

A
  • Title
  • Author information
  • Introduction
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
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11
Q

The title of an article should be __ and __

A

concise/brief and descriptive

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12
Q

Which one is the best?
A. Hematologic changes occurring as a result of exposure to various high-altitude
environments
B. Hematology and altitude.
C. Hematologic changes occurring at high altitude.

A

A

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13
Q

What is the abstract?

A

Condensed version of the paper

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14
Q

How many words is the average abstract?

A

250 words

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15
Q

T or F: the abstract can be unstructured or structured

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Difference between unstructured and structured abstract

A

Structured will be separated into subtopics vs summary for unstructured

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17
Q

What is the main aim of the introduction? (3)

A
  • Sets the scene
  • Describe a controversy, inconsistency, gap in what is known
  • Goes broad to narrow
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18
Q

The introduction ends with what?

A

The purpose of the study and the hypothesis

19
Q

3 types of variables

A

Independent variable
Dependent variable
Cofounding/co-variable/control variable

20
Q

Independent variable - define

A

Variable that is manipulated
Predictor/exposure variable

21
Q

Dependent variable - define

A

Variable in which we expect change
Outcome

22
Q

Confounding/co-variable/control variable - define

A

Variable which can influence the relationship between the IV and DV

23
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

Any statement that describes the relationship between 2 or more variables, based on theory

24
Q

What are the 2 key component of a hypothesis?

A

Independent variable and dependent variable

25
Q

2 types of hyopthesis

A

Research and statistical

26
Q

Research hypothesis

A

In words at the end of the introduction

27
Q

Statistical hypothesis

A

Expressed in symbols, important for analyses

28
Q

Hypothesis is either ___ or ___

A

Directional or null

29
Q

What sections can be included in a methods section? (6)

A
  • Participants
  • Design
  • Procedure
  • Measures
  • Data collection
  • Data analytic strategy
30
Q

What is included in the results section? (6)

A
  • Description of the population
  • Details of main analyses
  • Details of secondary analyses
  • Tables
  • Figures
  • Graphs
31
Q

T or F: there may be interpretation in the results section

A

FALSE, should not be any

32
Q

What are the aspects of a discussion? (6)

A
  • Summary of findings
  • Comparison with the results of other studies
  • How the results relate to theory
  • Secondary results
  • Limitations and strengths
  • Future directions
33
Q

T or F: the discussion should go from ___ to ___

A

Narrow to broad

34
Q

What is included in the acknowledgements/funding? (3)

A
  • Who also helped on the study
  • Who funded the study
  • What conflicts might the authors have
35
Q

What are the components of the list of references? (6)

A
  • Names
  • Date
  • Title of article
  • Title of journal
  • Volume # and issue #
  • Pages
36
Q

2 types of source of information?

A

Primary references and secondary references

37
Q

Primary references - original research article

A

reports data from a specific experiment
written by authors of the original work
addresses a specific issue

38
Q

Secondary references - review paper

A

reports and summarizes data from many research papers
may be written by someone other than the authors of the original work
provides overview of a topic

39
Q

2 types of academic article

A

Review article or research article

40
Q

Structure of review article

A

Title
Abstract
Introduction
List of issues
Discussion
References

41
Q

Structure of research article

A

Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
References

42
Q

In a review paper, what represents the bulk of the paper?

A

Literature review

43
Q

What is a review paper?

A

Should be an analysis and critique of studies with each paragraph organized into subtopics

EXCI 310 - fall 2022 (4 decks)

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