03. Piston Engine: Design and Components Flashcards
What is the significance of a cylinder that has more mass
More mass = MORE POWER
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In a 4-stroke engine, what % of the time is power being produced
25%
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What is a benefit of multiple cylinder designed engine
SMOOTHER POWER DELIVERY
Timed so that a cylinder is always providing power at each phase of the 4 stroke cycle i.e. when there are 4 pistons.
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What is the significance of having 4 cylinders on a 4 stroke engine
POWER
Power is being delivered by at least 1 cylinder in every stroke
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What are the 4 main sorts of piston engines
- Radial
- In-Line
- “V”
- Horizontally Opposed
Radial Engine
What are 2 benefits in terms of weight and surface area
- LIGHT
- LARGE SURFACE AREA
Large surface area aids cooling
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Radial Engine
What is a disadvantage in relation to the size
DRAG
Large frontal area increases drag
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Radial Engine
What is a disadvantage in terms of oil
OIL POOLING
oil can pool in the bottom of the inverted cylinders
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Radial Engine
How many cylinders does a typical radial engine have
How can this be increased
- 9
- Additioanl Bank
Add a bank of cylinders behind the other to double cyliner capacity
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Radial Engine
- Oil pooling on startup can cause excessive ____ in the cylinder.
- This is known as what
- PRESSURE
- HYDRAULICING
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Inline Engine
What are 2 common problems with Inline engine in regards regarding temperature and oil
- Cooling
- Oil Pooling
Cooling is problematic as cylinders in a line rather than all being exposed to airstream like a radial engine
Commonly inverted cylinders, so suffer risk of oil pooling
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V Engine
What is a benefit of the V engine specifically over the in-line engine in terms of size, power and how its achieved
INCREASED CYLINDERS, REDUCED LENGTH
V engine is effectively 2 in-line engines connected to 1x shared crankshaft
Since the pistons are offset in a V shape, additional piston rods can be connected side by side, with the piston heads being offset from each other
This allows pistons to be connected in-line in a reduced amount of space than a standard inline engine
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Horizontal Engine
How are cylinders and pistons arranged and what is significant about the crankshaft
- Arranged equally, either side of the crankshaft
- Share a common crankshaft
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What are the 2 core component parts of a cylinder
- Barrel
- Head
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What is the purpose of a GASKET
Ensures a GAS-TIGHT SEAL
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In a liquid cooled engine, what is a GALLERY
Incorporated into the casting of the engine
Allows flow of cooling liquid
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In an Aero-Engine, how many spark plugs are there typically per cylinder
2
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What are 3 benefits of having 2 spark plugs per cylinder
- Redundancy
- Even ignition
- Faster, even burn
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What are HIGH TENSION (HT) leads used for?
Connect spark plugs to MAGNETO
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