03: Ethics and Deviance Flashcards
Define ethics
Rules that dictate an individual’s conduct. They form a system of rules that groups and societies are judged on.
Define deviance
A word that describes unacceptable behaviour within a culture. Any behaviour that differs from the perceived social or legal norms is seen as deviant.
What is blood doping? Describe process.
A process that increases a person’s red blood cell count. It commonly involves removal of approximately two pints of the athlete’s blood several weeks prior to competition. It is then frozen until 1-2 days before competition, when it’s thawed and injected back into the athlete.
Why is blood doping used?
It increases red blood cell count which means higher volumes of haemoglobin are present. Therefore, it allows extra oxygen to be transported to working muscles, resulting in a higher level of performance.
What are the possible side effects of blood doping? (7)
- Increased blood viscosity
- Increased risk of heart attack
- Pulmonary embolism (a blockage of pulmonary artery)
- Cerebral embolism ( a blockage formed elsewhere in the body, which becomes lodged in an artery within or leading to the brain)
-Cerebrovascular accident (stroke) - Infections and risk of blood-borne diseases (Hepatitis C, B or HIV)
- Allergic Reactions
What are the 3 main performance-enhancing drugs?
- Anabolic steroids
- Beta blockers
- Stimulants
Describe anabolic steroids
These enable sports people to train harder and longer and often lead to increased strength and aggression.
Describe beta blockers
These help to control heart rate and keep the athlete calm.
Describe stimulants
These work as a brain stimulant, which increases alertness for sports people. An example is amphetamines.
Define violence
Intense physical force that is directed towards harming another individual or groups of individuals and can cause injury or death.
