02_Issues in Intelligence Testing

Question 1

Spearman’s two-factor theory predicts that performance on any cognitive task depends on __________ plus one more one or more specific abilities.

Answer 1

General intelligence (g)

Question 2

Horn and Cattell distinguished between fluid and __________ intelligence, and concluded that __________ intelligence is strongly affected by education and cultural experiences.

Answer 2

Crystallized

Crystallized

Question 3

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory proposes that successful intelligence is composed of three abilities: analytical, creative, and __________.

Answer 3

Practical

Question 4

The impact of heredity on intelligence is demonstrated by studies showing that the greater the __________ similarity between people, the higher the correlation coefficient between their IQ test scores.

Answer 4

Genetic

Question 5

The correlation for IQ test scores for identical twins reared together is about __________, while correlation for biological siblings reared together is __________.

Answer 5

.85

.45

Question 6

The influence of the environment on intelligence is demonstrated by research on the __________ effect, which found a steady increase in IQ test scores in the US and other industrialized countries.

Answer 6

Flynn

Question 7

With regard to the stability of intelligence over the lifespan, Horn propose that crystallized intelligence increases until about age __________, while fluid intelligence peaks in late adolescence and thereafter to declines.

Answer 7

60

Question 8

Research investigating the stability of intelligence over the lifespan has produced contradictory results, in part because of the different research methodologies used.

Early age-related declines are most likely to be found when a __________ design is used, because this design is very susceptible to __________ effects.

Answer 8

Cross-sectional

Cohort (intergenerational)

Question 9

Schaie and his colleagues used a __________ design and found that, of the six mental abilities they assessed, only __________ showed significant declines prior to age 60.

Answer 9

cross-sequential

perceptual speed

Question 10

Males and females do not differ in a consistent way in terms of mean scores on IQ tests, but females tend to outperform males on measures of __________ ability, while males attain higher scores on measure of certain __________ and math skills.

Answer 10

verbal

spatial

Question 11

Several experts argue that cognitive ability tests are biased against members of certain groups.

They distinguish between __________ bias, which occurs when there’s differential validity, and intercept bias which occurs when mean scores on the __________ differ for different groups.

Answer 11

slope

predictor