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food, nutrition, and metabolism > 024 Viral Infections of GI tract > Flashcards

024 Viral Infections of GI tract Flashcards

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1
Q

What % are viruses responsible of infective diarrhoea?

A

75%

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2
Q

Does adenoviruses 1-39 cause gastroenteritis?

A

No

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3
Q

Does Enteroviruses cause gastroenteritis?

A

No

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4
Q

What types of viruses are able to cause systemic disease?

A

Unenveloped viruses

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5
Q

Which immunity is associated with systemic illnesses?

A

IgG and IgA

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6
Q

Which immunity is associated with localised infections?

A

IgA

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7
Q

Do systemic or localised viral infections have longer incubation period?

A

Systemic illneses

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8
Q

What is the most common childhood infections associated with gastroenteritis?

A

Rotaviruses and noroviruses; sometimes adenoviruses

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9
Q

What are the signs of inflammatory diarrhoea in feces?

A

Pus in feces

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10
Q

What genome do rotaviruses contain?

A

RNA genome with 11 segments that can undergo reassortment.

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11
Q

Why are there bacteriophages in species?

A

Viruses in bacteria

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12
Q

What is the most common infection of gastroenteritis in all ages?

A

Noroviruses

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13
Q

Incubation period of rotavirus?

A

24-72 hr incubation period

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of rotaviruses?

A

Vomiting and diarrhoea, abrupt onset of abdominal cramps, lasts 4-6 duration. Most severe symptoms in young children but can be asymptomatic in adults.

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15
Q

What is the pathogenesis of rotavirus?

A

Following ingestion, virus multiplies in columnar cells of the villi of the small intestine. Damage to villi leads to loss of water and electrolytes, diarrhoea & dehydration.

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16
Q

How many segments are in the rota virus genome?

A

11 segments

17
Q

How do you treat secretory diarrhoea?

A

By replacing fluids and metabolites lost

18
Q

How do we diagnose the causative virus of gastroenteritis?

A

In a patient stool sample, there will be lots of viruses present. To determine which is causative species, we must take two samples 10 days apart to analyze which virus has antibodies surrounding them.

19
Q

What is the most efficient method to detect rotaviruses?

A

Detecting antigen in faeces by latex agglutination. PCR can be used to detect nucleic acid but this takes time and since rotavirus is an RNA virus, you need to use reverse transcriptase to form DNA. EM can also be used.

20
Q

Which two types of adenoviruses cause gastroenteritis? What is special about them?

A

Type 40 and 41; they do not grow in culture

21
Q

How long does the rotavirus cause illness for?

A

6-7 days until cells are replaced

22
Q

Where do rotaviruses have higher mortality?

A

Asia and Africa

23
Q

Which types of vaccination is used against the rotavirus?

A

Live attenuated vaccine

Live animal-human virus reassortment

24
Q

What do we use to detect norovirus?

A

Reverse transcription PCR

25
Q

Why dont we use use latex agglutination to detect norovirus?

A

There is little of th evirus present in the feces sample.

26
Q

What is the infectious dose of norovirus?

A

10 viruses through aerosol transmission (vomiting) and faecal-oral route.

27
Q

Symptoms of the norovirus?

A

Projectile vomiting and diarrhoea

28
Q

Discuss the immunity of the norovirus

A

Mucosal immunity tends not to persist and we lose it after a few months. It is also very strain specific.

29
Q

What is the structure of enteroviruses?

A

Unenveloped RNA viruses that are stable at acidic pH.

30
Q

Explain immunity of noroviruses

A

Newborn babies have maternal immunity however this fades away over time.

31
Q

Example of diseases caused by enteroviruses?

A

Febrile illness, CNS disease, haemorrhagic conjunctivitits, hand food and mouth disease

32
Q

What is the pathogenesis of enteroviruses?

A

Systemic infection entering through faecal oral route, multiplying in gut lymphoid tissue and entering the blood through lymphatics. Some may also leave the body via faeces to continue infecting others.

33
Q

Which ages does the norovirus affect?

A

All ages

34
Q

Which is the only gastro-enteritis virus that can be food or water bourne?

A

Norovirus

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