021.01 SYSTEM DESIGN, LOADS, STRESSES, MAINTENANCE

Question 1

The definition of bending is (…).

Answer 1

The definition of bending is (a combination of compression and tension resulting from a force acting in a distance from the attachment point)​.

Question 2

Of the following, the worst effect of a HAZARDOUS FAILURE on the flight crew could be:

• excessive workload and/or physical distress
• slight increase in workload
• fatalities
• significant increase in workload and/or discomfort

Answer 2

Of the following, the worst effect of a HAZARDOUS FAILURE on the flight crew could be:

• excessive workload and/or physical distress
• slight increase in workload
• fatalities
• significant increase in workload and/or discomfort

Question 3

Of the following, the worst effect of a MAJOR FAILURE on the flight crew could be:

• excessive workload and/or physical distress
• slight increase in workload
• fatalities
• significant increase in workload and/or discomfort

Answer 3

Of the following, the worst effect of a MAJOR FAILURE on the flight crew could be:

• excessive workload and/or physical distress
• slight increase in workload
• fatalities
• significant increase in workload and/or discomfort

Question 4

Of the following, the worst effect of a CATASTROPHIC FAILURE on the occupants of an eroplane excluding flight crew could be:

• serious or fatal injuries (few)
• fatalities (multiple)
• physical distress, possibly including injuries
• physical discomfort

Answer 4

Of the following, the worst effect of a CATASTROPHIC FAILURE on the occupants of an eroplane excluding flight crew could be:

• serious or fatal injuries (few)
• fatalities (multiple)
• physical distress, possibly including injuries
• physical discomfort

Question 5

The definition of compression is (…).

Answer 5

The definition of compression is (a stress that tends to shorten or squeeze aeroplane parts)​.

Question 6

The definition of torsion is (…).

Answer 6

The definition of torsion is (the stress which is produced when parts are twisted by a moment)​.

Question 7

Of the following, the worst effect of a MINOR FAILURE on the aeroplane could be:

• slight [reduction in functional capabilities or safety margins]
• significant […]
• large […]
• hull loss

Answer 7

Of the following, the worst effect of a MINOR FAILURE on the aeroplane could be:

• slight [reduction in functional capabilities or safety margins]
• significant […]
• large […]
• hull loss

Question 8

The structural design principle described is (…).

“The structure is given a life of hours and/or landings and must be removed from service when the appropriate criteria are met.”

Answer 8

The structural design principle described is (safe life).

• “The structure is given a life of hours and/or landings and must be removed from service when the appropriate criteria are met.”*
• • Note: it does not mean that the structure will never fail!*

Question 9

The allowable quantative average failure probability per flight hour for a HAZARDOUS FAILURE should be on the order of between 10^{<strong>(…)</strong>} and 10^{<strong>(…)</strong>} (extremely remote probable).

Answer 9

The allowable quantative average failure probability per flight hour for a HAZARDOUS FAILURE should be on the order of between 10^{<strong>(-7)</strong>} and 10^{<strong>(-9)</strong>} (extremely remote probable).

Question 10

With reference to structural stress, fatigue means damage to the structure as a result of (…).

Answer 10

With reference to structural stress, fatigue means damage to the structure as a result of (load cycles)​.

Question 11

Of the following, the worst effect of a MINOR FAILURE on the flight crew could be:

• excessive workload and/or physical distress
• slight increase in workload
• fatalities
• significant increase in workload and/or discomfort

Answer 11

Of the following, the worst effect of a MINOR FAILURE on the flight crew could be:

• excessive workload and/or physical distress
• slight increase in workload
• fatalities
• significant increase in workload and/or discomfort

Question 12

Of the following, the worst effect of a CATASTROPHIC FAILURE on the flight crew could be:

• excessive workload and/or physical distress
• slight increase in workload
• fatalities or incapacitation
• significant increase in workload and/or discomfort

Answer 12

Of the following, the worst effect of a CATASTROPHIC FAILURE on the flight crew could be:

• excessive workload and/or physical distress
• slight increase in workload
• fatalities or incapacitation
• significant increase in workload and/or discomfort

Question 13

The maintenance principle described is (…).

“A component is overhauled or replaced after a set number of hours, cycles or operations.”

Answer 13

The maintenance principle described is (hard-time maintenance).

“A component is overhauled or replaced after a set number of hours, cycles or operations.”

Question 14

The definition of torque is (…).

Answer 14

The definition of torque is (the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis)​.

Question 15

Of the following, the worst effect of a MAJOR FAILURE on the aeroplane could be:

• slight [reduction in functional capabilities or safety margins]
• significant […]
• large […]
• hull loss

Answer 15

Of the following, the worst effect of a MAJOR FAILURE on the aeroplane could be:

• slight [reduction in functional capabilities or safety margins]
• significant […]
• large […]
• hull loss

Question 16

The difference between elastic and plastic deformation is that with plastic deformation, the stress deforms the material (temporarily/permanently)​.

Answer 16

The difference between elastic and plastic deformation is that with plastic deformation, the stress deforms the material (permanently).

Question 17

Of the following, the worst effect of a MAJOR FAILURE on the occupants of an eroplane excluding flight crew could be:

• serious or fatal injuries (few)
• fatalities (multiple)
• physical distress, possibly including injuries
• physical discomfort

Answer 17

Of the following, the worst effect of a MAJOR FAILURE on the occupants of an eroplane excluding flight crew could be:

• serious or fatal injuries (few)
• fatalities (multiple)
• physical distress, possibly including injuries
• physical discomfort

Question 18

Of the following, the worst effect of a MINOR FAILURE on the occupants of an eroplane excluding flight crew could be:

• serious or fatal injuries (few)
• fatalities (multiple)
• physical distress, possibly including injuries
• physical discomfort

Answer 18

Of the following, the worst effect of a MINOR FAILURE on the occupants of an eroplane excluding flight crew could be:

• serious or fatal injuries (few)
• fatalities (multiple)
• physical distress, possibly including injuries
• physical discomfort

Question 19

The structural design principle described is (…).

“There is more than one load carrying component. If one component fails, the adjacent components take-up the load for a limited period of time, usually until a next scheduled periodic inspection. It is therefore based on redundancy.”

Answer 19

The structural design principle described is (fail safe).

“There is more than one load carrying component. If one component fails, the adjacent components take-up the load for a limited period of time, usually until a next scheduled periodic inspection. It is therefore based on redundancy.”

Question 20

The maintenance principle described is (…).

“A component is overhauled or replaced at some point when convenient to the operator.”

Answer 20

The maintenance principle described is (soft-time maintenance).

“A component is overhauled or replaced at some point when convenient to the operator.”

Question 21

The allowable quantative average failure probability per flight hour for a CATASTROPHIC FAILURE should be on the order of less than 10^(…) (extremely improbable).

Answer 21

The allowable quantative average failure probability per flight hour for a CATASTROPHIC FAILURE should be on the order of less than 10^(-9) (extremely improbable).

Question 22

The definition of strain is (…).

Answer 22

The definition of strain is (a deformation due to stress)​.

• ratio of change in size of the deformed structure to the size of the non-deformed structure -

Question 23

Of the following, the worst effect of a HAZARDOUS FAILURE on the occupants of an eroplane excluding flight crew could be:

• serious or fatal injuries (few)
• fatalities (multiple)
• physical distress, possibly including injuries
• physical discomfort

Answer 23

Of the following, the worst effect of a HAZARDOUS FAILURE on the occupants of an eroplane excluding flight crew could be:

• serious or fatal injuries (few)
• fatalities (multiple)
• physical distress, possibly including injuries
• physical discomfort

Question 24

The definition of tension is (…).

Answer 24

The definition of tension is (the stress resisting a force which tends to pull apart)​.

Question 25

The allowable quantative average failure probability per flight hour for a MINOR FAILURE should be on the order of between 10^{<strong>(…)</strong>} and 10^{<strong>(…)</strong>} (probable).

Answer 25

The allowable quantative average failure probability per flight hour for a MINOR FAILURE should be on the order of between 10^{<strong>(-3)</strong>} and 10^{<strong>(-5)</strong>} (probable).

Question 26

The maintenance principle described is (…).

“Maintenance when need arises and detect failures before they happen by monitoring of critical parameters and the replacement of parts if a limit value is exceeded.”

Answer 26

The maintenance principle described is (on condition maintenance).

“Maintenance when need arises and detect failures before they happen by monitoring of critical parameters and the replacement of parts if a limit value is exceeded.”

Question 27

The structural design principle described is (…).

“Lighter, since loads are distributed over a wider range. Cracks of the structure are taken into account and will not cause a total failure of that section or structure until the next planned maintenance.”

Answer 27

The structural design principle described is (damage tolerant).

“Lighter, since loads are distributed over a wider range. Cracks of the structure are taken into account and will not cause a total failure of that section or structure until the next planned maintenance.”

Question 28

Of the following, the worst effect of a CATASTROPHIC FAILURE on the aeroplane could be:

• slight [reduction in functional capabilities or safety margins]
• significant […]
• large […]
• hull loss

Answer 28

Of the following, the worst effect of a CATASTROPHIC FAILURE on the aeroplane could be:

• slight [reduction in functional capabilities or safety margins]
• significant […]
• large […]
• hull loss

Question 29

Of the following, the worst effect of a HAZARDOUS FAILURE on the aeroplane could be:

• slight [reduction in functional capabilities or safety margins]
• significant […]
• large […]
• hull loss

Answer 29

Of the following, the worst effect of a HAZARDOUS FAILURE on the aeroplane could be:

• slight [reduction in functional capabilities or safety margins]
• significant […]
• large […]
• hull loss

Question 30

The definition of stress is (…).

Answer 30

The definition of stress is (a force applied per (devided by) area unit of surface)​.

Question 31

The allowable quantative average failure probability per flight hour for a MAJOR FAILURE should be on the order of between 10^{<strong>(…)</strong>} and 10^{<strong>(…)</strong>} (remote probable).

Answer 31

The allowable quantative average failure probability per flight hour for a MAJOR FAILURE should be on the order of between 10^{<strong>(-5)</strong>} and 10^{<strong>(-7)</strong>} (remote probable).