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ICT A2 > 02 The Internet > Flashcards

02 The Internet Flashcards

1
Q

What does FTP stand for?

A

File Transfer Protocol

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2
Q

Define FTP

A

FTP is a standard that provides a simple way of transferring files between computers over a packet network (for instance, the internet).

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3
Q

What is a standard that provides a simple way of transferring files between computers over a packet network (for instance, the internet)?

A

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

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4
Q

How is an FTP connection established?

A

A FTP client software establishes connection with the FTP server by sending a username and password.

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5
Q

Sending a username and password from an FTP client to an FTP server establishes what?

A

An FTP connection.

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6
Q

What is the process by which FTP exchanges data?

A

The client sends packets of data then the receiving server checks that none of them have been lost. If no errors have occurred then a message will be sent back to the client requesting the next packets of data.

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7
Q

“The client sends packets of data then the receiving server checks that none of them have been lost. If no errors have occurred then a message will be sent back to the client requesting the next packets of data.”

This is the process by which what happens?

A

FTP exchanges data.

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8
Q

Why is FTP a better way of sending large files rather than an email attachment?

A

‌• An email account is likely to have a size limit of attachments to a single email message (for example, 20mb for Gmail).
‌• An upload to an email server may time out as email is not primarily designed for this kind of use, whereas FTP is designed for transmission of large files.
‌• FTP with encryption is more secure than unencrypted email. Packets can be resent over FTP if connection is lost temporarily whereas email is the best effort, so if the connection is lost then the message won’t be sent.

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9
Q

List typical uses of FTP.

A

‌• Uploading files to a web server.
‌• Exchanging large files between organisations, for instance, from magazine layout files from publisher to printer
‌• Uploading surveys from company local offices to the HQ.
‌• Making files publicly available on the FTP server to anyone who wants to access it.

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10
Q

Attachment size limit is a factor affecting what?

A

Sending large files on email over FTP.

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11
Q

An upload timing out is a factor affecting what?

A

Sending large files on email over FTP.

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12
Q

Uploading files to a web server is a typical use of what?

A

FTP

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13
Q

Exchanging large files between organisations is a typical use of what?

A

FTP

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14
Q

Uploading surveys from a company’s local office to the HQ is a typical use of what?

A

FTP

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15
Q

Making files publicly available on the server to anyone who wants to access it is a typical use of what?

A

FTP

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16
Q

State components of an online shopping service.

A

‌• Electronic catalogue/database of products
‌• Database of customer orders
‌• Shopping basket
‌• Checkout summary of order
‌• Method of secure payment
‌• Search facility so customers can find required products

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17
Q

An electronic catalogue/database of products is a component of what?

A

An online shopping service

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18
Q

A database of customer orders is a component of what?

A

An online shopping service

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19
Q

A shopping basket is a component of what?

A

An online shopping service

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20
Q

A checkout summary of order is a component of what?

A

An online shopping service

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21
Q

A method of secure payment is a component of what?

A

An online shopping service

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22
Q

A search facility is a component of what?

A

An online shopping service

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23
Q

List advantages of e-commerce for consumers.

A

‌• They have the ability to order goods 24/7
‌• They have a greater choice of goods
‌• There is no travelling required
‌• It allows people with a disability to do their own shopping

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24
Q

Ability to order goods 24/7 is an advantage of what?

A

E-commerce for consumers

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25
Q

Having a greater choice of good is an advantage of what?

A

E-commerce for consumers

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26
Q

No travelling required is an advantage of what?

A

E-commerce for consumers

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27
Q

Disabled people being able to do their own shopping is an advantage of what?

A

E-commerce for consumers

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28
Q

List advantages of e-commerce for retailers, compared with a physical store.

A

‌• Start up costs are low, as are running costs.
‌• Retailers are able to sell their goods 24/7 instead of set times.
‌• Online catalogues are easy to update
‌• Fewer staff are needed
‌• Retailers could potentially access a global marketplace.

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29
Q

Low start up and running costs are an advantage of what?

A

E-commerce over a physical store to retailers

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30
Q

Ability to sell goods 24/7 instead of only at set times is an advantage of what?

A

E-commerce over a physical store to retailers.

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31
Q

Online catalogues being easy to update is an advantage of what?

A

E-commerce over a physical store to retailers

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32
Q

Fewer staff being needed is an advantage of what?

A

E-commerce over a physical store to retailers

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33
Q

Potential to access a global marketplace is an advantage of what?

A

E-commerce over a physical store to retailers.

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34
Q

What is distributed computing on the internet?

A

Distributed computing is a group of computers networked together working on solving the same problem by sharing data, processing power, storage and bandwidth.

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35
Q

“A group of computers networked together working on solving the same problem by sharing data, processing power, storage and bandwidth.” is the definition of what?

A

Distributed computing.

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36
Q

List advantages of distributed computing.

A

‌• Performs huge calculations that would be impossible on just one computer.
‌• It’s cheaper and more practical than building a super computer.
‌• It continually works on a problem over a long period.
‌• It breaks down large problems into manageable workloads.
‌• It’s easy to extend - just add more computers (‘highly scalable’).
‌• If one machine fails, the tasks are unaffected.

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37
Q

Ability to perform huge calculations that would be impossible on just one computer is an advantage of what?

A

Distributed computing.

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38
Q

Cheaper and more practical than building a super computer is an advantage of what?

A

Distributed computing.

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39
Q

Continuously working on a problem over a long period is an advantage of what?

A

Distributed computing.

40
Q

Breaking down large problems into manageable workloads is an advantage of what?

A

Distributed computing.

41
Q

Extend-ability is an advantage of what?

A

Distributed computing.

42
Q

A machine failing not affecting current tasks is an advantage of what?

A

Distributed computing.

43
Q

List disadvantages of distributed computing.

A

‌• There are security issues if the client software is not trustworthy.
‌• There is an increase in communication costs due to bandwidth use.
‌• The process may impact performance of clients computer’s normal daily operations.

44
Q

Security issues if client software isn’t trustworthy is a disadvantage of what?

A

Distributed computing

45
Q

An increase in communication costs due to bandwidth use is a disadvantage of what?

A

Distributed computing

46
Q

The process possibly impacting performance of a clients computer’s normal daily operations is a disadvantage of what?

A

Distributed computing.

47
Q

Name examples of distributed computing projects.

A

‌• SETI@home
‌• Einstein@home
‌• Atlas@home

48
Q

Define SETI@home.

A

SETI stands for “The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence”. It is the world’s largest distributed computing project with over three million users. This project analyses signals from radio telescopes, looking for transmissions that indicate existence of other advanced lifeforms in the universe.

49
Q

Define Einstein@home.

A

Einstein@home is an astrophysics project run by the University of Wisconsin. This project looks for spinning neutron stars (also known as pulsars) by analysing gravitational wave signals from outer space. So far, this project has discovered more than fifty stars.

50
Q

Define Atlas@home.

A

Atlas@home is a simulation of partical physics experiments run within CERN’s Large Hadron Collider near Geneva.

51
Q

What is the world’s largest distributed computing project with over three million users that analyses signals from radio telescopes, looking for transmissions that indicate existence of other advanced lifeforms in the universe called?

A

SETI@home

52
Q

What is an astrophysics project run by the University of Wisconsin that looks for spinning neutron stars (also known as pulsars) by analysing gravitational wave signals from outer space called?

A

Einstein@home

53
Q

What is a simulation of partical physics experiments run within CERN’s Large Hadron Collider near Geneva called?

A

Atlas@home

54
Q

Explain the difference between moral and ethical issues.

A

‌• A moral issue usually involves the potential to cause harm or offence to someone.
‌• Ethical issues usually involve causing a loss of trust between people or organisations
‌• However, moral and ethical issues do overlap therefore, they are not always possible to tell apart.

55
Q

Which type of issue usually involves potential to cause harm or offence to someone?

A

Moral issues.

56
Q

Which type of issue usually involves causing a loss of trust between people or organisations?

A

Ethical issues.

57
Q

Name moral issues that are associated with the internet.

A

‌• Spreading false information about someone, for example, ‘fake news’
‌• Bulling on social media.
‌• The distribution of offensive, racist, violent or pornographic content.

58
Q

Name ethical issues associated with the internet?

A

‌• Sending spam emails
‌• Plagiarism - this can become a legal issue if copyright is violated.
‌‌• Companies using software to spy on their employees
‌• Website companies selling their customers’ profiles to other advertisers.

59
Q

Spreading false information about someone is what type of issue associated with the internet?

A

Moral issue

60
Q

Bulling on social media is what type of issue associated with the internet?

A

Moral issue

61
Q

The distribution of offensive, racist, violent, or pornographic content is what type of issue associated with the internet?

A

Moral issue.

62
Q

Sending spam emails is what type of issue associated with the internet?

A

Ethical issue

63
Q

Plagiarism is what type of issue associated with the internet?

A

Ethical issue

64
Q

Companies using software to spy on their employees is what type of issue associated with the internet?

A

Ethical issue

65
Q

Website companies selling their customers’ profiles to other advertisers is what type of issue associated with the inter?

A

Ethical issue.

66
Q

Explain what is meant by the internet causing social issues?

A

Social issues affect the functioning of society in some way, for example, how people interact, spent their time, and the availability of jobs. The internet has both positive and negative impacts on each of these issues.

67
Q

How people interact, spend their time, and availability of jobs are factors of what?

A

Social issues.

68
Q

Name concerns for society that are associated with the internet.

A

‌• Privacy issues - for instance, companies profiling people without their awareness.
‌• Privacy issues - for instance, the government monitoring citizens’ activities online.
‌• Cyber bullying
‌• Online gambling addiction
‌• Online gaming addiction
‌• Social isolation
‌• Loss of community cohesion
‌• Companies moving call centres overseas - resulting in a loss of jobs
‌• Companies locating their e-commerce businesses overseas to avoid paying taxes
‌• E-commerce could mean fewer high street shops - so town centres could shrink.

69
Q

Privacy issues are a concern for what associated with what?

A

Society associated with the internet.

70
Q

Name the two types of privacy issues that are a concern for society associated with the internet.

A

‌• Companies profiling people without their awareness

‌• The government monitoring citizens’ activities online.

71
Q

Cyber bulling is a concern for what associated with what?

A

Society associated with the internet.

72
Q

Online addictions are a concern for what associated with what?

A

Society associated with the internet.

73
Q

Name the two types of online addictions listed in the concerns for society associated with the internet.

A

‌• Gambling

‌• Gaming

74
Q

Social isolation is a concern for what associated with what?

A

Society associated with the internet.

75
Q

Loss of community cohesion is a concern for what associated with what?

A

Society associated with the internet.

76
Q

Companies moving call centres overseas is a concern for what associated with what?

A

Society associated with the internet.

77
Q

What does companies moving their call centres overseas result in?

A

A loss of jobs.

78
Q

Companies locating their e-commerce businesses overseas is a concern for what associated with what?

A

Society associated with the internet.

79
Q

Why would companies locate their e-commerce businesses overseas?

A

To avoid paying taxes.

80
Q

E-commerce possibly meaning that there are fewer high street shops is a concern for what associated with what?

A

Society associated with the internet.

81
Q

What does fewer high street shops result in?

A

Smaller town centres.

82
Q

What do SETI@home, Einstein@home, and Atlas@home all have in common?

A

SETI, Einstein, and Atlas are all distributed computing projects that all use BOINC client software. BOINC stands for “Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Net Computing”. BOINC is an open source distributed computing platform.

83
Q

What is BOINC?

A

BOINC is the “Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Net Computing”. It is an open source distributed computing platform which supports projects such as SETI, Einstein, and Atlas.

84
Q

State advantages of a wireless (WiFi) network compared with a wired network.

A

‌• A wireless LAN is cheaper and easier to set up because there is no need to lay cables.
‌• On a wireless network, there is the ability to connect on a variety of portable devices, such as tablets, laptops, and phones.
‌• It’s possible to connect anywhere that a signal can be received.
‌• Wireless networks are ideal for old listed buildings where cables would not be allowed to be installed.
‌• WiFi standards (802.11) are implemented worldwide (although so is ethernet over cables).

85
Q

“Cheaper and easier to set up because there is no need to lay cables” is an advantage of what compared to what?

A

A wireless (WiFi) network compared with a wired network.

86
Q

Ability to connect on a variety of portable devices is an advantage of what compared to what?

A

A wireless (WiFi) network compared with a wired network.

87
Q

Possibility to connect anywhere that a signal can be received is an advantage of what compared to what?

A

A wireless (WiFi) network compared with a wired network.

88
Q

What kind of network is ideal for old listed buildings?

A

A wireless (WiFi) network

89
Q

State disadvantages of a wireless (WiFi) network over a wired network.

A

‌• The power consumption is high which drains the batteries of portable devices.
‌• WiFi is relatively insecure unless the latest encryption is used (WPA2 with AES).
‌• WiFi networks have limited range, for instance, up to 150 feet.
‌• Some buildings may have black spots. Walls in older buildings may be too thick for WiFi to pass through.
‌• It is possible to get interference if the wireless network signals are overlapping.
‌• The transmission speed is slower than cable.

90
Q

High power consumption is a disadvantage of what?

A

A wireless (WiFi) network compared with a wired network.

91
Q

Insecurity unless the latest encryption is used is a disadvantage of what?

A

A wireless (WiFi) network compared with a wired network.

92
Q

Limited range is a disadvantage of what?

A

A wireless (WiFi) network compared with a wired network.

93
Q

Buildings possibly having black spots is a disadvantage of what?

A

A wireless (WiFi) network compared with a wired network.

94
Q

Interference of overlapping signals is a disadvantage of what?

A

A wireless (WiFi) network compared with a wired network.

95
Q

Slower transmission speed is a disadvantage of what?

A

A wireless (WiFi) network compared with a wired network.

ICT A2 (9 decks)

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