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CGP Computer Science > 02 Section 7 - Logic and Units > Flashcards

02 Section 7 - Logic and Units Flashcards

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1
Q

What do logic gates do?

A

Logic gates apply Boolean operations to inputs

-they receive binary data, apply a Boolean operation, then output a binary result

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2
Q

What are logic gates?

A

Logic gates are special circuits built into computer chips

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3
Q

What is a truth table?

A

Each type of logic gate has a corresponding truth table

-truth tables show all possible input combinations of 1s and 0s, and the corresponding outputs

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4
Q

What is a NOT gate?

A

NOT gates take a single input and give a single output

-the output is always opposite to the input (e.g. input: 0, output: 1)

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5
Q

What is the symbol for a NOT gate?

A

A triangle with a circle on the point

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6
Q

What is an AND gate?

A

AND gates take two inputs and give one output

-if both inputs are 1 then the output is 1, otherwise the output is 0

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7
Q

What is the symbol for an AND gate?

A

It looks like a ‘D’

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8
Q

What is an OR gate?

A

OR gates take two inputs and give one output

-if one or more outputs are 1 then the output is 1, otherwise the output is 0

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9
Q

What is the symbol for an OR gate?

A

It looks like an altered D, so the back is concave and the round part of a D comes to a point

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10
Q

What is the expression and notation for a NOT gate?

A

Expression: NOT A
Notation: ¬

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11
Q

What is the expression and notation for an AND gate?

A

Expression: A AND B
Notation: A ∧ B

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12
Q

What is the expression and notation for an OR gate?

A

Expression: A OR B
Notation: A V B

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13
Q

How do you work out combined logic gates?

A

-work through each gate in order, follow through each gate and work out the final output

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14
Q

How can logic gates be written as logic statements?

A

USE BRACKETS and the terms AND, OR, NOT

  • e.g. NOT(A AND B)
  • operations in the brackets should be completed first
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15
Q

What is a two-level logic circuit?

A

They require a maximum of two logic gates to reach the output
-they can have 3 inputs though

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16
Q

What does the word ‘bit’ come from?

A

bit - binary digit

17
Q

List the units of data in size order, starting from the smallest:

A 
Bit (b)
Nibble
Byte (B)
Kilobyte (kB)
Megabyte (MB)
Gigabyte (GB)
Terabyte (TB)
Petabyte (PB)
18
Q

How big is a bit?

A

a single binary digit

19
Q

How big is a nibble?

A

4 bits

20
Q

How big is a byte?

A

8 bits

21
Q

How big is a kilobyte?

A

1000 bytes

22
Q

How big is a megabyte?

A

1000 kilobytes

23
Q

How big is a gigabyte?

A

1000 megabytes

24
Q

How big is a terabyte?

A

1000 gigabytes

25
Q

How big is a petabyte?

A

1000 terabytes

26
Q

A byte is enough space to store what?

A

one character

27
Q

A kB or MB is enough space to store what?

A

most files (like songs, pictures and documents)

28
Q

A GB is enough space to store what?

A

High definition videos and complex applications

29
Q

A GB or TB is enough space to store what?

A

Secondary storage

30
Q

What are Parity Bits used for?

A

Parity Bits are used to check for errors

31
Q

What are check digits?

A

Check digits are a way of checking that data has been entered and read correctly.

32
Q

What is an example of a check digit?

A

ISBNs on books

33
Q

For binary, what is the check digit called?

A

parity bit, you can have even and odd parity bits

34
Q

How do you get an even parity bit?

A

An even parity bit is added to make a binary string have an even number of 1s

35
Q

How do you get an odd parity bit?

A

An odd parity bit is added to make a binary string have an odd number of 1s

36
Q

What is the flaw in having an odd or even parity bit?

A
  • if one bit of the binary string is read incorrectly then the computer will pick up the error
  • however if two bits within the same string are read incorrectly then no error will be detected

CGP Computer Science (24 decks)

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