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CGP Computer Science > 01 - Section 1 - Secondary Storage > Flashcards

01 - Section 1 - Secondary Storage Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three tiers of storage?

A

Primary storage
Secondary storage
Tertiary storage

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2
Q

What is primary storage?

A

Primary storage refers to the memory that the CPU can access very quickly

  • HAS THE FASTEST READ/WRITE SPEED
  • MOSTLY VOLATILE
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3
Q

What are examples of primary storage?

A

CPU registers
cache
ROM
RAM

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4
Q

What is secondary storage?

A

It’s where all data (operating systems, applications and user files) are stored when not in use

  • NON-VOLATILE
  • READ/WRITE SPEEDS ARE A LOT SLOWER THAN PRIMARY
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5
Q

What are some examples of secondary storage?

A 
Magnetic storage (e.g. HDD)
Solid state storage (e.g. SD cards)
Optical storage (e.g. CDs)
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6
Q

What is tertiary storage?

A

Tertiary storage is used for storing data more long term, used for archives and backups of masses of data
-NON-VOLATILE

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7
Q

What is an example of tertiary storage?

A

Magnetic tape library, which may use a robotic arm to access the tapes

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8
Q

What does HDD stand for?

A

Hard Disk Drive

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9
Q

What are HDDs made up of?

A

A stack of magnetised metal disks spinning at a rate between 5400 and 15000 rpm(revolutions per minute)

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10
Q

How is data stored on a HDD?

A

USED FOR INTERNAL STORAGE
Data is stored magnetically in small areas called sectors withing circular tracks.
Read/write heads on a moving arm are used to access the sectors on the disks

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11
Q

What is the use of a portable HDD?

A

-for backing up and transporting large amounts of data

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12
Q

What are SSDs?

A

USED FOR INTERNAL STORAGE
Storage devices with no moving parts
Most use flash memory

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13
Q

What are hybrid drives?

A

Drives which use Solid State Storage for the OS and programs and a Hard disk for data

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14
Q

What are types of flash storage?

A

USB pen drives
Memory cards (e.g. SD cards)
Flash based Solid-state storage

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15
Q

What are flash storage devices used for?

A

To expand the storage capacity of small devices (like cameras, smartphones, tablets)
-their capacity is relatively high relative to their size

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16
Q

What are the advantages of HDDs in comparison to SSDs?

A
  • HDDs are cheaper
  • both have high capacity but HDD is higher
  • HDDs have a longer read/write life than SSDs (SSDs begin to deteriorate after a certain amount of times being written to)
17
Q

What are the advantages of SSDs in comparison to HDDs?

A
  • SSDs are faster
  • SSDs don’t need fragmentation
  • SSDs are more shock-proof than HDDs
  • HDDs make some noise, SSDs are silent
18
Q

What is storage media?

A

Storage media refers to the actual things that holds the data (e.g. optical disks)

19
Q

What is a storage device?

A

A storage device is the thing that reads/writes data to media (e.g. HDDs or optical drive)

20
Q

What are examples of optical disks?

A

CDs
DVDs
Blu-Ray

21
Q

What are the three forms of optical discs?

A
  • read-only (e.g. CD-ROM / DVD-ROM / BD-ROM
  • write-once (e.g. CD-R / DVD-R / BD-R)
  • rewritable (e.g. CD-RW / DVD-RW / BD-RW)
22
Q

How is data stored on optical discs?

A

Data is stored as microscopic indentations on the shiny surface of the disc. Data is read by shining a laser beam on the surface and detecting changes in the position of the reflected beam

23
Q

Why is the use of optical discs declining?

A
  • internet speeds have increased, so streaming and downloading services (e.g. Netflix) have removed the need for optical discs
  • modern phones, tablets don’t have an optical drive
  • they used to be popular for backing up data but they can’t compete with flash storage
24
Q

What is the use of magnetic tape?

A

Archiving (has a huge storage capacity and an extremely low cost per GB)
-used by large organisations in archive libraries to store huge amounts of data

25
Q

How is data stored to magnetic tape?

A

Magnetic tape comes in cassettes which require special tape drives for read/writing
-tape is red/written sequentially (means tape is slow when finding specific data on it but it is fast once the correct place has been found)

26
Q

What is the ranked order of secondary storage devices for their average read/write speed? (Fastest -> Slowest)

A 
SSD
HDD
Magnetic tape
memory card
optical disc
27
Q

What is the ranked order of secondary storage devices for their average cost per GB? (Priciest -> Cheapest)

A 
SSD
Memory card
HDD
optical disc
magnetic tape
28
Q

What is the ranked order of secondary storage devices for their average capacity? (Highest -> Lowest)

A 
Magnetic tape
HDD
SSD
Memory card
Optical disc
29
Q

What is the data capacity calculation for text files?

A

1 byte per character, + 10% for any overheads

30
Q

What is the data capacity calculation for databases?

A

Step 1: How many bytes in 1 record.
Step 2: Multiply by the number of records
Step 3: Add 10% for overheads

31
Q

What is the amount of memory different data types use?

A 
-Text
1 byte per character
-Integer
4/8 bytes
-Real
4/8 bytes
-Boolean
1 byte
-Date
8 bytes
32
Q

What is the data capacity calculation for images?

A

(Number of pixels * number of bytes per pixel) + 10% for overheads

33
Q

What is the data capacity calculation for sound?

A

bytesPerSample * samplesPerSecond * channels * duration

CGP Computer Science (24 decks)

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