02: Pulmonary Pathophysiology Flashcards
True or false: The first changes to the lung in lung diseases may include the destruction of the bronchial tubes.
False
Destruction of the alveoli
What does compliance mean in regard to the lungs?
A. High carbon dioxide level
B. Ability of lung tissue to expand with ventilation
C. Measurement of volume and airflow in and out of the lung
D. Ability of gas to cross the alveolar-capillary membrane
E. Low blood oxygen level
B
What is hypoxia?
A. High carbon dioxide level
B. Ability of lung tissue to expand with ventilation
C. Measurement of volume and airflow in and out of the lung
D. Ability of gas to cross the alveolar-capillary membrane
E. Low blood oxygen level
E
What is a Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)?
A. High carbon dioxide level
B. Ability of lung tissue to expand with ventilation
C. Measurement of volume and airflow in and out of the lung
D. Ability of gas to cross the alveolar-capillary membrane
E. Low blood oxygen level
C
What is hypercapnea?
A. High carbon dioxide level
B. Ability of lung tissue to expand with ventilation
C. Measurement of volume and airflow in and out of the lung
D. Ability of gas to cross the alveolar-capillary membrane
E. Low blood oxygen level
A
What does diffusion mean in regard to the lungs?
A. High carbon dioxide level
B. Ability of lung tissue to expand with ventilation
C. Measurement of volume and airflow in and out of the lung
D. Ability of gas to cross the alveolar-capillary membrane
E. Low blood oxygen level
D
What is dyspnea?
breathlessness, shortness of breath, smothering feeling, inability to get enough air, difficulty taking a deep breath
True or false: Dyspnea is often unrelated to blood oxygen level.
True
Which of the following is NOT a cause of dyspnea?
A. Chronic and acute illness
B. Hypoxia
C. Anxiety
D. Depression
E. Exercise
F. Deconditioning
D
All others listed are causes
Which of the following is a cause of hypoxia?
A. Chronic and acute illness
B. Diffusion impairment
C. Anxiety
D. All of the above
D
A diffusion impairment can occur when…
A. there is an impairment by increased collagen
B. blood and gas are reaching the target areas but not able to cross the barrier effectively
C. there is an impairment by increased tissue at the area
D. all of the above
D
Hypoxia can result from a shunt. A shunt is…
A. when pulmonary blood flow is altered and bypasses aerated areas of the lungs
B. when blood and gas are reaching the target areas but not able to cross the barrier effectively
C. there is an increase in CO2
D. there is a reduction in PO2
A
True or false: Even if blood saturation is high, there could still be breathlessness, as hemoglobin can be low.
True
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypoxia?
A. Brain fog
B. Dizziness
C. Increased respiratory rate
D. Loss of consciousness
E. Seizure
E
Anxiety, exercise/exertion, and deconditioning are causes of:
A. Hypoxia
B. Dyspnea
C. Pulmonary obstruction
B
Also very similar to Hypoxia
Which of the following is the 4th leading cause of death in the United States?
A. Emphysema
B. Asthma
C. COPD
D. Chronic bronchitis
C
True or false: COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is preventable and treatable.
True
True or false: COPD is an inflammatory response to noxious particles or gases (such as smoking).
True
True or false: Asthma is not reversible.
False
It IS reversible, but NOT curable.
True or false: Asthma occurs as an inflammatory response where the lungs are obstructed.
False
It is an inflammatory response to intrinsic or extrinsic factors leading to bronchoconstriction, not obstruction.
True or false: Stress and anxiety can trigger asthma.
True
Which of the following conditions results from abnormally expanded air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole?
A. Asthma
B. COPD
C. Emphysema
D. Chronic bronchitis
C
The following symptoms are indicative of which condition?
A patient presents “barrel chested” with enlargement of terminal bronchioles, a flattened diaphragm, dyspnea, and their expiration is active. What condition is the most likely cause?
A. Emphysema
B. Asthma
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. COPD
A
A patient presents with cyanosis of skin and lips, chronic sputum production, dyspnea (difficulty breathing), and peripheral edema. What condition is the most likely cause?
A. Emphysema
B. Asthma
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. COPD
C
True or false: The normal pressure within the pulmonary arterial system is 20 mmHg.
False
It’s 15 mmHg.
A patient presents with shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue and peripheral edema. What condition is the most likely cause?
A. Emphysema
B. Pulmonary hypertension
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. COPD
B
True or false: Pulmonary edema is an accumulation of fluid in the lungs.
True
