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002 - Pathology - (02) - Inflammation > (02) Lecture 2 > Flashcards

(02) Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

(Cellular Players: Platelets)

  1. born where?
  2. life span?
  3. major component for what?
  4. cover what surface at site of vascular injury?
A
  1. bone marrow
  2. 5-6 days
  3. hemostasis
  4. subendothelial surface

(vascular injury common at site of inflammation)

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3
Q

(Cellular Players: Platelets)

(Function)

  1. release what?
  2. Also release what that facilitate healing?
A
  1. chemical mediators of inflammation (vasoactive amines, coagulation factors and fibrinogen, cytokines, adhesion molecules, PG)
  2. growth factors (PDGF, FGF)
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4
Q

(Cellular Players: Basophils)

  1. terminally differentiated
  2. what percent of circulating WBCs
  3. granules contain what?
  4. similar to what?
A
  1. <1%
  2. histamine
  3. mast cells
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5
Q

(Cellular Players: Mast Cells)

  1. important in what?
  2. Cytoplasmic granules contain what?
  3. Do their numbers increase significantly in inflammatory reactions?
A
  1. hypersensitivity reactions
  2. histamine, heparin (enzymes, chemotactic factors)
  3. not usually
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6
Q

(Cellular players: MAst Cells)

(Inflammatory mediator synthesis)

1-3. What three things?

  1. life span?
  2. does degranulation = cell death?
  3. where do they proliferate?
A
  1. leukotriens
  2. prostaglandins
  3. cytokines (stem cell factors)
  4. months
  5. no
  6. in tissue
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7
Q

(Mast Cell Functions)

(Acute Inflammation)

  1. what do they release that affects early vascular events?
  2. Late vascular events?

(Allergic and anaphylactic reactions)

  1. receptors fow what?

(4-5. What other two functions?)

A
  1. histamine
  2. chemical mediators (Leukotrines and prostagladnins - vasodilation, perm, pain)
  3. IgE (crosslinking)
  4. defense against parasites
  5. extracellular matrix remodeling
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8
Q

(Basophils vs. mast cells)

  1. lack what?
  2. release mainly what two things?
  3. Seem to have a major role in what?
A
  1. heparin
  2. IL-4 and IL-13
  3. entering sites of inflammation and regulating inflammating
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9
Q

(Cellular Playes: Neutrophils)

  1. AKA PMNs, segmenters - one of three polymorphonuclear cell types
  2. terminally differentiated cells
  3. usually first recruited to site of insult
  4. life in blood?
  5. in tissues?
  6. at inflammatory sites?
A
  1. 4-6 hr
  2. 1-2 days
  3. shorter
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10
Q

(Cellular Players: Neutrophils)

  1. primarily circulating WBC in what species?
  2. What percentage in ruminants?
  3. central vs storage (marginal) pools?
  4. what are the “professional phagocytes”
A
  1. dog, cat, +- horse
  2. 20-30%
  3. half and half
  4. neutrophils and macrophages
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11
Q
A
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12
Q

(Bactericidal Proteins)

  1. eg defensin and BPI
  2. produced by what?
  3. Form what in microbial membranes?
  4. have also important role as chemotactic agents and in what?
A
  1. neutrophils (and other inflammatory cells) and epithelial cells of skin and mucous membranes
  2. pores
  3. would healing
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13
Q

(Neutrophils)

(tissue damage by ROS)

  1. endothelial cell activation and damage
  2. inactivation of what?
  3. injury to what?
  4. increased or decreased cytokine expression?
A
  1. anti-proteases
  2. tissue cells
  3. increased
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14
Q

(Neutrophilia in CBC)

  1. caused by acute or chronic inflammation?
  2. What can induce?
  3. hemorrhage or hemolysis
A
  1. both
  2. physiologic (epinephrine), corticosteroid or stress induced
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15
Q

(Inflammatory Neutrophilia in CBC)

(Left Shift)

  1. increased what?
  2. Degenerative left shift = ?
A
  1. bands and metamylelocytes)
  2. immature > mature
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16
Q

(Neutrophils)

  1. most abundant granulocyte in circulation
  2. short life span
  3. first major defense against what?
  4. participate in acute and chronic inflammation rxns
  5. inflammatory leukogram with show what?
A
  1. bacterial infection
  2. neutrophilia with left shift
17
Q

(Cellular Players - Eosinophils)

  1. terminally differentiated
  2. what percentage of circulating WBCs?
  3. circulating half life time?
  4. survive how long in tissues?
  5. Live in mucosa of GI, respiratory, reproductive tissues, and skin
A
  1. 2-5%
  2. 30 minutes
  3. 3-4 days
18
Q

(Eosinophils)

  1. Contain major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase (–> respiratory burst), eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil neurotoxin
  2. All of these substances are highly aggressive to what and when released to what?
  3. Also produce a wide variety of what?
A
  1. highly aggressive to lipid membranes and when released to tissue (collgen)
  2. cytokines
19
Q

(Eosinophils)

(Functions)

  1. motility - means they can do what?
  2. kill what? (mainly what?)

(Participate in allergic/hypersensitivity reactions)

  1. attracted by what?
  2. in the wake of what cell driven immune responses?
A
  1. move to site of infection
  2. parasites (mainly helminths)
  3. mast cells (histamine), IL-5, C5a, etc
  4. Th2 cell driven immune responses
20
Q

(Eosinophils in CBC)

(Eosiophilia - is an increase)

(Eosinopenia)

  1. induced by what?
  2. cause what?
  3. What would occur to the following things in a stress leukogram?

Neutrophils, Monocytes, eosionphils, ly

A
  1. glucocorticoid/stress
  2. inhibit of release from bone marrow and sequestration in tissues
  3. up, up, down, down

002 - Pathology - (02) - Inflammation (6 decks)

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