02 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Flashcards
What system makes up of your body’s outer layer. It’s made up of your skin, nails, hair and the glands and nerves on your skin. Your ___________ acts as a physical barrier — protecting your body from bacteria, infection, injury and sunlight. It also helps regulate your body temperature and allows you to feel skin sensations like hot and cold.
Integumentary System
What are the functions of Integumentary Sytsem?
Body temperature regulation
Stores blood
Protection from the external environment
Detects cutaneous sensations
Excrete and absorb substances
Synthesize vitamin D
_______ is the largest and heaviest organ in your body.
Skin
All of the following are components of
the Integumentary System, except:
a. Skin
b. Hair
c. Oil and sweat glands
d. Nerves
e. Nails
f. Sensory receptors
g. All of the above
h. None of the above
D. Nerves
Layers of the Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous Layer
Skin Appendages
The ____________ is the most superficial layer of the skin and provides the first barrier of protection from the invasion of substances into the body.
Epidermis
____________, a protein inside skin cells, makes up the skin cells and, along with other proteins, sticks together to form this layer.
Keratin
Layers of Epidermis ( Superficial to Deep)
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
flattened dead keratinocytes
Stratum corneum
Present only on thick skin (palm, fingertip, sole)
Stratum lucidum
Keratohyalin and lamellar granules
Stratum granulosum
Keratinocytes are larger and rounder
Stratum spinosum
Deepest, single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes
Stratum basale
This is the layer of the epidermis that you see.
Stratum Corneum
_______________ are strong, dead keratinocytes, and they protect you from harm, including abrasions, light, heat and pathogens.
Corneocytes
The _________ is a thin, transparent layer of keratinocytes that are becoming less round and have a flatter shape.
Stratum lucidum
Keratinocytes have granules within them, and in this layer they’re visible under a microscope.
Stratum granulosum
This layer mostly consists of keratinocytes held together by sticky proteins called desmosomes The ___________ helps make your skin flexible and strong.
Stratum spinosum
New skin cells develop in this layer.
Stratum basale
Produce the protein keratin.
Keratinocyte stem cells
Epidermal Cells
Keratinocyte
Melanocyte
Intradermal macrophage (Langerhans cell)
Tactile epithelial cell (Merkel cell)
Epidermal Cell: Tough, fibrous, for protection.
Keratinocyte
Epidermal Cell: Produces Melanin, for skin color and pigmentation
Melanocyte
Epidermal Cell: Role in immune response
Intradermal macrophage
Epidermal Cell: Deepest, detect touch sensation
Tactile epithelial cell
Other term for Intradermal macrophage
Langerhans Cell
Other term for Tactile epithelial cell
Merkel Cell
The ______ makes up 90% of skin’s thickness.
Dermis
Layers of Dermis
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
1/5th of dermis, loose areolar connective tissue
Papillary layer
4/5th of dermis, dense connective tissue
Reticular layer
Excessive amount of keratinized cells shed from the skin of the scalp
Dandruff
Condition resulting from premature shedding of keratinocytes, only 7-10 days moving from stratum basale to stratum corneum
Psoriasis
Permanent coloration of the skin in which a foreign pigment is deposited with a needle into macrophages of the skin
Tattooing
Accessory structures of the skin (3)
Hair
Nails
Skin glands
______________ are anatomical skin-associated structures that serve a particular function including sensation, contractility, lubrication and heat loss in animals.
Skin appendages
Basically, accessory structures of the skin
Skin appendages
Skin Appendages: Columns of dead, keratinized epidermal cells bonded together by extracellular protein
Hair
Function of Skin appendages (2)
Protection
Body temperature regulation
Skin Appendages: Tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells
Nails
Skin Appendages: Sebaceous and sweat glands
Skin glands
What are the functions of Hair?
Guards the scalp from injury and the sun’s rays
Decreases heat loss from the scalp
Eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eyes from foreign particles
Function in sensing light touch
The ______ is a platelike, keratinous, translucent structure that consists of highly specialized epithelial cells.
Nail
Your _____ protect the ends of your fingers and toes.
Nails
The anatomy of your nail consists of: (5)
Nail plate
Nail bed
Cuticle
Matrix
Lunula
The hard part of your nail you can see.
Nail Plate
The skin under your nail plate.
Nail Bed
The “root” of your nail responsible for making it grow.
Matrix
The white, moon-shaped part of your nail plate.
Lunula
________ are found throughout your skin. They release materials like water, salt or oil from under your skin to the surface of your skin.
Skin Glands
The thin skin at the base of your nail plate.
Cuticle
What are the three Skin Glands
Sebaceous (oil) glands
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
Ceruminous glands
___________________, also known as sweat glands, are either of two types of secretory skin glands, eccrine or apocrine.
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
Two Kinds of Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
Eccrine
Apocrine
Simple, coiled tubular glands, secretion is mostly water, (“secrete outwardly”)
Eccrine
Simple, coiled tubular glands but have larger ducts and lumens, secretion appears more milky and yellowish in color
Apocrine
Simple, branched acinar (rounded) glands
Sebaceous (oil) glands
Secretion: Sebum
Sebaceous (oil) glands
_________________ are an organ in your skin that make and secrete sebum.
Sebaceous (oil) glands
Modified sweat glands in the external ear
Ceruminous glands
Secretion: waxy lubricating secretion
Ceruminous glands
