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Renal > 02: Histology > Flashcards

02: Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Each nephron consists of (X) and its associated tubules. What is (X) comprised of?

A

X = renal corpuscle

  1. Bowman’s capsule
  2. Glomerular capillaries
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2
Q

The urinary space is between (X) and (Y) and contains (Z).

A 
X = bowman's capsule
Y = cap's of glomerulus
Z = ultrafiltrate
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3
Q

(X) turns into a renal tubule at (Y) portion of the renal corpuscle.

A 
X = Bowman's capsule
Y = urinary pole
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4
Q

At which point does the ultrafiltrate become filtrate? And urine?

A

Filtrate in tubules; urine when it enters minor calyx

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5
Q

(X) cells compose the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule. Together with (Y), an important filtration barrier is formed that’s selective for which molecule characteristics?

A 
X = podocytes
Y = endothelial basal lamina

Size and charge

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6
Q

Glomerular filtration slits are composed of:

A

Interdigitated pedicels of adjacent podocytes

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7
Q

T/F: A membranous slit diaphragm spans the filtration slits of glomerulus.

A

False - non-membranous diaphragm

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8
Q

Slit diaphragm consists of (X) proteins, critically involved in (Y).

A 
X = extracellular and transmembrane (esp nephrin)
Y = passage of proteins (i.e. albumin) into urinary space
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9
Q

(X) cells take on role of CT support of glomerular structure. What are the two types of (X) cells?

A

X = mesangial

  1. Extraglomerular (i.e. lacis)
  2. Intraglomerular
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10
Q

(Intra/extra)-glomerular mesangial cells are (X), thus capable of altering blood flow through glomerulus. List some other functions they have.

A

Intraglomerular;
X = contractile

Phagocytosis and repair (immune interaction)

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11
Q

3 compartments in the glomerulus:

A
  1. Vascular (arterioles and cap’s)
  2. CT (mesangial cells, basement membranes, cortical interstitium)
  3. Urinary space (continuous with lumen of PCT)
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12
Q

T/F: Mesangial cells are responsible for collagen production.

A

True

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13
Q

Glomerulus: Why is the filtration barrier’s basement membrane so (thin/thick)?

A

Thick;

Shared by podocytes and cap endothelium

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14
Q

T/F: Glomerular capillary endothelium is continuous and covered by podocytes.

A

False - fenestrated

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15
Q

Ultrafiltrate contains:

A
  1. water
  2. glucose
  3. ions
  4. AA
  5. small molecules (under 68 kD)
  6. urea
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16
Q

Collecting ducts are found in (cortex/medulla).

A

Both

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17
Q

Thick descending and thick ascending tubule found in (cortex/medulla).

A

Medulla

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18
Q

PCT has the same morphology as (X) tubule. How can you tell them apart?

A

X = thick descending

Location (cortex v. medulla)

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19
Q

Squamous cells with few organelles is characteristic of (X) renal tubule and suggestive of primarily (Y) transport in this segment.

A 
X = thin 
Y = passive (water resorption)
20
Q

Cuboidal/pyramidal cells with long microvilli and many basal infoldings is characteristic of (X) renal tubule. Which function do these tubules have?

A

X = proximal convoluted and thick descending;

Large molecule and active resorption

21
Q

Thick ascending and distal tubules have which general function?

A

Active salt transport

22
Q

Water resorption under hormonal control is a function of (Y) tubules.

A

Y = collecting ducts

23
Q

Kidney release of Renin eventually causes (increase/decrease) in water resorption. Through which series of steps?

A

Increase;

Increase in angiotensin production, increase in ADH release from pituitary, and ADH makes collecting ducts more permeable to water

24
Q

Collecting tubules can be distinguished from DT by (X) cells. What is the structure/function of (X) cells?

A

X = interacalated “dark”

“Dark” due to abundant mitochondria (also golgi, polyribosomes, H+/HCO3 transporters);
Modulate acid-base balance

25
Q

Which cells in collecting ducts are responsive to ADH? What exactly does ADH do?

A

Principal cells;

Activates aquaporins, increasing permability to and resorption of water

26
Q

Collecting ducts converge in (cortex/medulla) to from (X) which open into (Y).

A

Base of medulla;
X = ducts of Bellini
Y = minor calyces

27
Q

T/F: Each segmental artery, branching off of renal artery, supplies unique region of kidney.

A

True

28
Q

Most, (X)% of glomeruli are (cortical/juxtamedullary).

A

X = 75

Cortical

29
Q

T/F: Cortical nephrons from cortical glomeruli never reach medulla.

A

False - reach only outer medulla

30
Q

Peritubular cap plexus drains into (X). Vasa recta drains into (Y).

A 
X = interlobular veins directly or stellate veins first
Y = interlobular veins or directly into arcuate veins
31
Q

List the three components of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus.

A
  1. Macula densa
  2. JG cells
  3. Mesangial cells
32
Q

Macula densa is localized near (X) vessel. It functions to monitor (Y) and regulate (Z).

A 
X = afferent arteriole
Y = NaCl conc in DCT
Z = renin secretion
33
Q

(X) cells contain renin granules.

A

X = JG

34
Q

JG cells are formed from (X) layer of (Y) vessels.

A 
X = tunica media
Y = arterioles
35
Q

(X)% of cortex is interstitium. (Y)% of medulla is interstitium.

A 
X = 10
Y = 40
36
Q

T/F: Fibroblasts are present in both cortex and medulla.

A

True

37
Q

T/F: Fibroblasts in cortex secrete EPO and prostaglandin.

A

False - secrete EPO, but fibroblasts in medulla secrete prostaglandin

38
Q

T/F: Lymphocytes are only found in medullary interstitium.

A

False - in cortex too

39
Q

You’d find high osmolarity interstitium in (cortex/medulla).

A

Medulla

40
Q

T/F: There is a muscularis mucosae layer in bladder.

A

True

41
Q

Transitional epithelium in bladder, aka (X), have which sensory function(s)?

A

X = urothelium

  1. Mechanosensation
  2. Chemosensation
42
Q

List the three layers of the transitional epithelium in bladder. Star the common host site for UTIs.

A
  1. Umbrella cells*
  2. Intermediate layer
  3. Basal cell layer
43
Q

T/F: Umbrella cell layer of urothelium has gap junctions between cells.

A

False - tight junctions

44
Q

T/F: Basal cell layer of urothelium hosts the stem cells.

A

True

45
Q

T/F: Intermediate layer of urothelium is in contact with basal lamina.

A

True - via fine cytoplasmic projections

46
Q

Distally, urethra epithlium transitions from (X) to (Y) types.

A 
X = transitional 
Y = stratified squamous

In between, may be pseudostratified

Renal (8 decks)

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