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Renal > 01: Anatomy > Flashcards

01: Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Entire urinary system is retroperitoneal.

A

False - not urethra

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2
Q

Both kidneys lie deep to which ribs?

A

11 and 12

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3
Q

Kidney and surrounding fat are held in place by (X) tissue.

A

X = renal fascia

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4
Q

Outermost fascia layer surrounding kidney.

A

Anterior: peritoneum
Posterior: transversalis fascia

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5
Q

Fascia layer surrounding kidney, just interior to peritoneum and transversalis fascia.

A

Paranephric (extraperitoneal) fat

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6
Q

Renal fascia is composed of which parts?

A
  1. Gerota’s fascia (anterior)

2. Zuckerkandl fascia (posterior)

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7
Q

The part of renal fascia that extends inferiorly along (X) is referred to as (Y).

A 
X = ureter
Y = periureteric
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8
Q

List layers of fascia layers surrounding kidney, from outermost to medulla.

A
  1. Peritoneum/transversalis fascia
  2. Paranephric fat
  3. Renal fascia
  4. Perinephric fat
  5. Renal capsule
  6. Renal cortex
  7. Renal medulla
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9
Q

T/F: The entire path of ureter is retroperitoneal.

A

True

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10
Q

List the places where the ureter is normally constricted to some degree.

A
  1. Junction with renal pelvis
  2. Its crossing at brim of pelvic inlet
  3. Entering wall of bladder
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11
Q

Ureter passes over pelvic brim at which other landmark?

A

Bifurcation of common iliac arteries

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12
Q

Pain associated with kidney/ureters can be caused by:

A
  1. Stretching
  2. Direct injury
  3. Irritation of surrounding tissue
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13
Q

Pain fibers of kidneys are primarily:

A

Preganglionic sympathetic nerves (T11-L2)

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14
Q

Pain fibers of ureters are primarily:

A

Preganglionic sympathetic nerves (T11-L2)

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15
Q

Irritation of renal capsule or kidney’s surrounding tissue irritates (X) nerves.

A

X = T11-L1 body wall nerves

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16
Q

CVAT stands for (X), a clinical sign of:

A

X = Costovertebral angle tenderness

Irritation of renal capsule or inflammation of tissue around kidney

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17
Q

Ureter passes (anterior/posterior/superior/inferior) to psoas major.

A

Anterior

18
Q

Ureter is crossed (anteriorly/posteriorly) by gonadal vessels.

A

Anteriorly

19
Q

In females, ureter passes immediately (anterior/posterior/superior/inferior) to uterine vessels.

A

Inferior

20
Q

In males, ureter passes (anterior/posterior/superior/inferior) to ductus deferens.

A

Posterior and inferior

21
Q

In males, ureter passes (anterior/posterior/superior/inferior) to seminal vesicle.

A

Anterior

22
Q

T/F: Ureter enters apex of bladder obliquely.

A

False - enters base of bladder obliquely

23
Q

Which structure prevents reflux of urine from bladder to ureter?

A
  1. Valve: Slit-like orifice as ureter enters bladder

2. Sphincter: Circular fibers in wall of bladder

24
Q

(X) activates (Y) which initiates peristaltic contractions of ureter.

A 
X = parasympathetics (vagus nerve)
Y = pacemaker cells in collecting system
25
Q

List blood vessels that supply abdominal ureter.

A

Gonadal and renal

26
Q

List blood vessels that supply middle portion of ureter.

A

Common iliac and gonadal

27
Q

List blood vessels that supply pelvic/distal ureter.

A

Common and internal iliacs

28
Q

T/F: Sympathetics have no role in motor innervation of collecting system.

A

False - regulate vascular tone

29
Q

Stretching of ureter causes (parietal/visceral) pain that’s accompanied by reflex-like activation of (X). This pain radiates in which areas?

A

Visceral;
X = subcostal, ilioinguinal, genitofem nerves

Flanks, groin, genitals

30
Q

Trigone at (apex/base) of bladder is formed by which structures?

A

Base;

Ureters and urethra

31
Q

Female urethra length. And male?

A

F: 4 cm
M: 20 cm

32
Q

UTIs more common in (M/F) because:

A

F; shorter urethra, so shorter distance for bac to travel

33
Q

Prostatic benign hyperplasia (PBH) causes (widening/narrowing) of urethra and which symptoms?

A

Narrowing;

  1. Frequent/urgent need to urinate (esp at night)
  2. Difficulty starting urination
  3. Weak urine stream
34
Q

T/F: Both males and females have two urethral sphincters.

A

True

35
Q

Internal urethral sphincter is composed of (X) muscle type. It’s controlled by (autonomics/somatics).

A

X = detursor (bladder) smooth and striated muscle

Autonomics

36
Q

External urethral sphincter is composed of (X) muscle type. It’s controlled by (autonomics/somatics).

A

X = skeletal

Somatics (pudendal nerve)

37
Q

At rest, bladder emptying is (stimulated/inhibited) via (symp/parasymp) signals that (relax/contract) (X).

A

Inhibited; symp

  1. Relax bladder wall
  2. Contract/constrict internal urethral sphincter
38
Q

Which fibers sense activation of stretch receptors when bladder fills?

A

GVA fibers of pelvic splanchnic nerves

39
Q

Bladder fills and stretches. (X) fibers induce reflex (contraction/relaxation) of:

A

X = GVE fibers of pelvic splanchnic nerves

  1. Contraction of detrusor muscle
  2. Relaxation of internal sphincter
40
Q

Difference in location between kidney and ureter pain.

A

Kidney: flank pain
Ureter: radiates down to groin

Renal (8 decks)

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