02. Global Health Flashcards
Global Health and Aid
Leading causes of mortality in low income countries
Malnutrition, communicable diseases, prenatal and maternal causes
Malnutrition
when a persons diet does not provide enough nutrients or the right balance of nutrients for optimal health.
Communicable diseases
caused by infectious agents and can be passed from one person or animal to another
Communicable diseases direct transmission
through contact with bodily discharge
Communicable diseases indirect transmission
for example by sharing a drinking glass
Communicable diseases by means of vectors
carried by something such as mosquitoes
Examples of communicable diseases
coronavirus, malaria, influenza, cholera, diarrhoea.
Pre natal or maternal mortality
Deaths that occur during pregnancy and childbirth
Impact of child marriage
Increased risk of domestic violence, less likely to remain in school, decreased economic and health outcomes
Leading causes of mortality in high income countries
Ischemic Heart Disease, Coronary heart disease, stroke, alzheimers and other forms of dementia
Characteristics of a high income country
low levels of poverty, established healthcare, established education system, adequate access to safe water, adequate access to sanitation
Characteristics of a low income country
High levels of poverty, underdeveloped healthcare, underdeveloped education system, lack of access to safe water, lack of access to sanitation
High Levels of Poverty in low income countries
Limits the ability to AFFORD food, education, healthcare, shelter/housing
Underdeveloped healthcare systems in low income countries
Decreased access to medical technology such as vaccinations, decreased access to specialists and sterilised equipment
Lack of education in low income countries
Less knowledge on how to lead healthy and productive lives, lack of knowledge on how to prevent diseases such as HIV
Lack of access to safe water
Decreased water supply can impact economic growth and increase poverty levels, contaminated water is linked to transmission of diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea,inadequate management of waste water means drinking water can become polluted
Lack of access to adequate sanitation
Increase the spread of intestinal worms and other tropical diseases, increase risk of diarrhoea and therefore malnutrition, lower attendance at school for females
Low Levels of Poverty in High income countries
Increases the ability to AFFORD food, education, healthcare, shelter/housing
Developed healthcare systems in high income countries
Increased access to medical technology such as vaccinations, increased access to specialists and sterilised equipment
Access to education in high income countries
Increased knowledge on how to lead healthy and productive lives, increased knowledge on how to prevent diseases such as HIV
Access to safe water
Increased access to safe water can impact economic growth and decrease poverty levels due to increased health levels and less transmission of diseases
Access to adequate sanitation
Decreased spread of communcable diseases such as diarrhoea and increased attendance at school for females
Aid
Assistance given to countries or communities IN NEED in the event of a crisis or for the development of long term sustainable improvements
How is aid determined to be effective
Is it appropriate? Does it focus on women or girls? is it sustainable? is it affordable?
Is the aid appropriate
Does it involve local community members including educating them? Is it what the community desires? Is the program culturally appropriate?
Is the aid affordable
In order for a program to remain ongoing once outside assistance has been withdrawn, the community must be able to continue to afford the program
Why do aid programs need to focus on women and girls
They are often more vulnerable than men and have less access to health and education services. If women and girls are involved the education is likely to be passed on to future generations
Sustainable
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Malnutrition, communicable diseases, prenatal and maternal are the leading causes of?
Mortality in low income countries
State a condition that when a persons diet does not provide enough nutrients or the right balance of nutrients for optimal health
Malnutrition
Caused by infectious agents and can be passed from one person or animal to another is known as
Communicable diseases
Contact with bodily discharge is a form of which type of transmission of a communicable disease?
Communicable diseases direct transmission
By sharing a drinking glass is an example of which type of transmission of a communicable disease?
Communicable diseases indirect transmission
Carried by something such as mosquitoes is an example of which type of transmission of a communicable disease?
Communicable diseases by means of vectors
coronavirus, malaria, influenza, cholera, diarrhoea are examples of?
Communicable diseases
Deaths that occur during pregnancy and childbirth are known as
Pre natal or maternal mortality
Risk of domestic violence, less likely to remain in school, decreased economic and health outcomes are possible outcomes of what?
Impact of child marriage
Ischemic Heart Disease, Coronary heart disease, stroke, alzheimers and other forms of dementia are leading causes of?
Mortality in high income countries
Low levels of poverty, established healthcare, established education system, adequate access to safe water, adequate access to sanitation are characteristics of?
A high income country
High levels of poverty, underdeveloped healthcare, underdeveloped education system, lack of access to safe water, lack of access to sanitation are characteristics of?
A low income country
The ability to AFFORD food, education, healthcare, shelter/housing are examples of what characteristic in low income countries?
High Levels of Poverty
Decreased access to medical technology such as vaccinations, decreased access to specialists and sterilised equipment
Underdeveloped healthcare systems in low income countries
Less knowledge on how to lead healthy and productive lives, lack of knowledge on how to prevent diseases such as HIV are outcomes of lck of education in what type of countries?
Low income countries
Transmission of diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea,inadequate management of waste water potentially polluting drinking water are a result of lack of access to?
Safe water
Increasing the spread of intestinal worms and other tropical diseases, increasing the risk of diarrhoea and therefore malnutrition, lower attendance at school for females are a result of lack of access to?
Adequate sanitation
Low levels of poverty increases the ability to AFFORD food, education, healthcare, shelter/housing in what type of country?
High income countries
High-income countries increase the ability to AFFORD food, education, healthcare, shelter/housing at what level of poverty?
Low Levels of Poverty
Developed healthcare systems increases access to medical technology such as vaccinations, increased access to specialists and sterilised equipment in what type of countries?
High income countries
Living in a high-income country increases knowledge on how to lead healthy and productive lives, increases knowledge on how to prevent diseases such as HIV, which provides access to?
Access to education
Living in a high-income country, increases access to medical technology such as vaccinations, increased access to specialists and sterilised equipment. This leads to?
Developed healthcare systems
Access to education, increases knowledge on how to lead healthy and productive lives, increased knowledge on how to prevent diseases such as HIV in what type of country?
High income countries
What impact can economic growth and decrease poverty levels due to incerased health levels and less transmission of diseases?
Access to safe water
What can decrease spread of communcable diseases such as diarrhoea and increased attendance at school for females?
Access to adequate sanitation
The definition: “Assistance given to countries or communities in need in the event of a crisis or for the development of long term sustainable improvements” describes?
Aid
What is aid considered to be, if it is appropriate, focuses on women or girls, is sustainable, and is affordable?
How is aid determined to be effective
What is the aid considered to be, if it involves local community members inlcuding educating them, is what the community desires, the program culturally sound?
The aid is appropriate
What is the aid considered to be, in order for a program to remain ongoing once outside assistance has been withdrawn?
Is the aid affordable
The definition: “Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” describes?
Sustainable
The inability to AFFORD food, education, healthcare, shelter/housing are examples of high levels of poverty in what type of country?
Low income countries
Decreased access to medical technology such as vaccinations, decreased access to specialists and sterilised equipment
Underdeveloped healthcare systems in low income countries
Less knowledge on how to lead healthy and productive lives, lack of knowledge on how to prevent diseases such as HIV are outcomes from what in low income countries?
Lack of education
